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Ovaries
which produce and release eggs
Sperm can travel up the tract, and eggs
down the tract.
A musculomembranous tube (7- 9 cm long)
extends from the cervix of the uterus to the vestibule, the
cleft between the labia minora
the upper half of the vagina lies above the pelvic
floor and the lower half lies within the perineum
Relation
Blood Supply
Arteries
• The vaginal artery, a branch of the internal iliac artery,
and the vaginal branch of the uterine artery supply the vagina
Supports of the vagina
The cervix
is the lower part of the uterus, which protrudes
into the upper part of the vagina.
It can be seen during a pelvic examination
Like the vagina, the cervix is lined with a mucous
membrane, but the mucous membrane of the
cervix is smooth.
Sperm can enter and menstrual blood can exit the
uterus through a channel in the cervix (cervical canal)
Perimetrium
- the serous or outer serous coat
- Consist of peritoneum supported by a thin layer of
connective tissue
Myometrium
- the middle coat of smooth muscle
- becomes greatly distended during pregnancy
- the main branches of the blood vessels and nerves
of the uterus
Endometrium
- the inner mucous coat
- is firmly adhered to the underlying myometrium
- is actively involved in the menstrual cycle
if conception occurs : the blastocyst becomes implanted
if doesn’t occur : the inner surface of this coat is shed through
menstruation
Ligaments of the uterus
The ligament of the ovary attaches to the uterus
posteroinferior to the uterotubal junction
• Ampulla; the widest and longest part of the tube, which begins at
the medial end of the infundibulum; fertilization of the oocyte
usually occurs in the ampulla
• Isthmus; the thick- walled part of the tube, which enters the
uterine horn
• Uterine part; the short intramural segment of the tube that passes
through the wall of the uterus and opens via the uterine ostium
into the uterine cavity at the uterine horn
CASES
Histerosalpingography
Patency of the uterine (salpingitis) a
radiographic procedure injection of water
soluble radiopaque material
Endoscopy
hysteroscopy
Ligation of the uterine tube (tubektomy)
Ectopic tubal pregnancy
Arterial supply of the ovaries and the
uterine tubes
• The ovarian arteries arise from the abdominal
aorta
• The ovaries are almond-shaped and sized about 4 cm long