Circulation

 The circulatory system

carries blood and
dissolved substance to
and from different places
in the body.
 Our body resembles a
large roadmap, There
are routes or “arteries”
that take you downtown
to the “heart” of the city.
 3 Major Parts of the Circulatory
system
• Medium – blood or haemolymph
- carries important “ *stuff ” through
body
• Heart – pumps or pushes blood through body

• Blood Vessels – arteries, veins and

capillaries.
- routes blood travels
* Stuff – includes oxygen, food, & waste
 what’s in
Erythrocytes Leucocytes
(red blood cells) (white blood cells)

plasma platelets
 The Blood

red blood cell white blood cell

platelets plasma
 Plasma
It also contains useful
things like;

• carbon dioxide
A straw- • glucose
coloured
• amino acids
liquid that
carries the • proteins
cells and the
• minerals
platelets
which help • vitamins
blood clot.
• hormones
• waste materials
like urea.
Erythrocytes
 Erythrocytes
contain haemoglobin, a
a biconcave disc that is molecule specially designed
round and flat without a to hold oxygen and carry it
nucleus
to cells that need it.

can change shape to an amazing

extent, without breaking, as it
squeezes single file through the
capillaries.
Platelets
Platelets are bits of cell
broken off larger cells.

Platelets produce
tiny fibrinogen
fibres to form a net.
This net traps other
blood cells to form a
blood clot.
• Leucocytes
–Fight and kill
germs that
may enter your
bloodstream
 Leucocytes

Granulocytes Agranulocytes

Neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes

Erythrocytes Leucocytes

Has biconcave disc No fixed shape

shape

No nucleus Has a big nucleus

Transporting Oxygen Fight infection in

gases various way
 blood from the heart gets around
the body through blood vessels

There are 3 types of blood vessels

a. ARTERY

b. VEIN

c. CAPILLARY
 Arteries Veins
lumen

Elastic fibre
Wall Wall
(thick, muscular (thin, less muscular
and elastic) and less elastic)

Wall
(one cell thick)
Capillaries
 The ARTERY
Arteries carry blood away from the heart.
Arteri membawa darah dari jantung

Elastic fibre
the elastic fibres allow
the artery to stretch
under pressure

Blood pressure is high

Bring oxygenated
Carries blood from heart
blood except
to tissues (organ)
pulmonary artery
 The VEIN
Veins carry blood towards the heart.

Membawa darah kepada jantung

veins have valves which

act to stop the blood
from going in the wrong
direction.

Blood pressure is very low

Carries blood from Bring deoxygenated

tissues (organ) to the blood except
heart pulmonary vein
 The CAPILLARY
Capillaries link Arteries with Veins

Menghubungkan arteri dan vena cell

endothelium
(one cell thick)
Enable the diffusion of
gases, nutrients,
hormones, waste product lumen

between blood and tissue

the wall of a capillary

is only one cell thick
The exchange of materials
between the blood and the
Blood content is mixed body can only occur through
capillaries.
 The CAPILLARY
A collection of capillaries is known as a capillary bed.

artery vein

capillaries
body cell
 How does this system work?

pulmonary vein lungs pulmonary artery

head & arms

aorta
main vein

Right Left

liver

digestive system

kidneys

legs

Circulatory System
Our circulatory system is a double circulatory system.
This means it has two parts

Lungs

the right side of the left side of

the system the system

deals with deals with

deoxygenated oxygenated
blood.
blood.
Body cells

Circulatory System
 The Heart

This is a vein. It brings These are arteries.

blood from the body, They carry blood
except the lungs. away from the heart.

2 atria
Coronary arteries,
the hearts own
2 ventricles blood supply

The heart has four chambers

now lets look inside the heart

 The Heart

Pulmonary artery Aorta

Vena cava Pulmonary vein

Right Atrium
Left Atrium

Tricuspid valve Bicuspid valve

Right Ventricle Left Ventricle

 How does the Heart work?

STEP ONE

blood from the blood from

body the lungs

- The heart beat begins when the

atria muscles relax and blood
flows into the atria.
-Deoxygenated blood (from whole
body) enter the right atrium via vena
cava
- oxygenated blood (from the lung)
enter the left atria via pulmonary
vein.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP TWO

- The atria then contract

and the valves open to
allow blood into the
ventricles.
- Blood in RA go through
tricuspid valve to enter
RV
- Blood in LA go through
bicuspid valve to enter
LV.
 How does the Heart work?

STEP THREE

- When the ventricles contract,

the tricuspid and bicuspid
valve will close and semilunar
valves is forced to open.
- At the same time, blood is
pushed into pulmonary artery
and aorta.
- At the same time, the atria
are relaxing and once again
filling with blood.
- What happen when the
ventricles relax?

The cycle then repeats itself.

 Dub
Lub
If you listen to
your heartbeat,
it makes a lub
dub sound.

The lub is when blood

is pushed out of the
heart into the body
and the dub is the
reloading of the heart
with more blood ready
to push it out to the
body
 The pumping of heart
• Cardiac muscle is myogenic, which means
can contract and relax without the impulse
from nervous system.
• The pumping of heart coordinated by a
pacemaker
• The primary pacemaker is known as SA node
which located at upper wall of right atrium
• The impulse from SA node will cause the
atria to contract before the impulse reach the
AV nodes which located at the bottom wall of
right atrium.
• From AV node, the impulses spread to
bunle of His, bundle branches and
Purkinje fibres which cause the ventricles
to contract.
• The pacemaker is regulated by:
– Parasimpathetic nerve: slow down the heart
beat
– Sympathetic nerve: speed up the heart beat.
– Adrenaline hormone: speed up the heart beat
during fear/excitement
 1.7 contraction of skeletal muscle
around the veins
• Blood pressure in veins is lower compared
to artery.
• Therefore, the flows of blood back to heart
are helped by…
• When the skeletal muscles contract, the
veins will constrict and the blood push
along the veins in one direction due to the
presence of valve in vein.
 SUMMARY
copy and complete the following;

away from the heart. The walls of an artery

Arteries take blood ______

muscular walls and elastic fibres. Veins

are made up of thick _________

towards the heart and also have valves. The

carry blood ________

capillaries link arteries and veins, and have a one cell thick wall.
_________

plasma the liquid part of the

Blood is made up of four main things ______,

oxygen White Blood cells to protect

blood; Red Blood Cells to carry ______;

platelets to help blood clot.

the body from disease and _________