Doors & Windows

What is a door?
• a door is an opening in a wall that serves as
connecting link between the various internal
portions of building.
• a door is used to close off rooms but being
able to access them by turning the door knob
and opening it.
 What is a Window?
• A window is an opening in a wall or roof to
allow light and air into the house.
 Location of doors and windows
• The no of doors in a room should be kept minimum
since larger no of doors cause obstruction and
consume more area in circulation.

• It should not be located in the centre of the wall. It

should preferably located near the corner of room.
nearly 20cm away from the corner.

• If there are two doors in a room the door should

preferably be located in opposite walls, facing each
other, so as to provide good ventilation, and free
circulation of air in rooms.
• A window should be located in opposite wall, facing
a door or another window so that cross ventilation is
achieved.

• From the point of view of fresh air, window should

be located on northern side of room.

• The location of window should also meet the

functional requirements, i.e. interior decoration.

• The sill of a window should be located about 70 to

80cm about floor level of the room.
 Important terms
• Frame
• Shutters
• Head
• Sill
• Horn
• Style
• Top rail
• Lock rail
• Bottom rail
• Intermediate / cross rail
• Panel
• Mullion
• Transom
• Hold fasts
• Jambs
• Reveal : is external jamb of door or window opening at right
angles to wall face.
• Rebate : is depression made inside door frame, to receive door
shutter.
 Size of doors
• Width = Two person should pass shoulder to shoulder.
• Height = Should not be less than 1.8 m to 2 m.
• Residential buildings:
• External……..(1mX2m) to (1.1mX2m)
• Internal………(0.9mX2m) to (1mX2m)
• Bathrooms….(0.7mX2m) to (0.8mX2m)
• Garages………. (2.25mX2.25m) to (2.40mX2.25m)
– Public buildings:
• 1.2m X 2m 1.2m X 2.1m 1.2m X 2.25 m
 Door frames

It is assembly of horizontal and vertical members forming

an enclosure to which door shutters are fixed.

Vertical member – Jambs or posts

Horizontal top member – Head

Material : Door frames – 1. Timber 2. Steel section

3. Aluminum sections

Fixing Of Door Frame

 Types of doors
• Classification on the basis of arrangement of
components
– Battened & ledged doors
– Battened, ledged & braced doors
– Battened, ledged & framed doors
– Battened, ledged, braced & framed doors
• Classification on the basis of method or manner of
construction
• Framed & paneled doors
• Glazed or sash doors
• Flush doors
• Louvered doors/ VENETIAN doors
• Wire gauged doors
• Classification on the basis of working operations
• Revolving doors
• Sliding doors
• Swing doors
• Collapsible steel doors
• Rolling steel shutter doors
• Metal doors
Battened & ledged doors
Battened, ledged, braced & Framed doors
Framed & paneled doors
Glazed or sash doors
Louvered doors/ VENETIAN doors
Wire gauged doors
• Swing doors

Revolving doors Sliding doors

Collapsible steel doors Rolling steel shutter doors
 Door Styles

Transom window Sliding doors Sliding doors

Folding door Screen door Batten door

 Windows
• Purpose
– Admits light
– Provides fresh air and ventilation
– Adds detail, balance, interest
– Visually enlarges interior space
 Selection of window
• Size of room
• Location of room
• Utility of room
• Direction of wall
• Direction of wind
• Climatic conditions
• Requirements of exterior view
• Architectural treatment
 Based on above factors, the thumb rule follows :
• Breadth of window=1/8(width of room +
height of room)
• Total area of window opening- vary from 10-
20% of floor area
• The area should be at least 1 M2 for every 30-
40 M3 of inside content of room.
• In public building – min area -20% of floor
area
• For sufficient natural light, area of glazed
panels – 8-10% of floor area
 Types of Windows
• Fixed • Bay
• Pivoted • Clerestory
• Double hung • Corner
• Sliding • Dormer
• Louvered • Gable
• Casement • Lantern
• Sash • Skylights
• Metal • Ventilators
• Combined windows &
ventilators
 Window Types
• Fixed
– Do not open
– Combined with other windows
Pivoted windows
 Double Hung
• Double-hung
– Two sashes slide up
and down
– Most commonly
used
• These windows are
very easy to clean.
 Sliding Windows
• These windows just
slide open. They are
also a very easy to
clean .
 Casement Windows
• This window is easy
to open and opens
with a handle
 Sash / Glazed windows
• Type of casement
window
Louvered windows
Metal windows
 Bay Window
– Fixed or casement
– Project from structure.

• A bay window is usually

a big window that
comes out from the
house. They also have
side windows on the
side.
Bay Window
Corner window
Dormer window
Gable window
Lantern window
 Sky lights
•Skylights
–Built into roof
–Admit light