Chapter 1- Introduction to Systems Analysis and

Design
• Introduction to System Analysis and Design.
• What is a system?
• Components of a System
• Types of Systems
• The role of System Analysis and Design
• What is Information System and Automated Information System?
• Characteristics of Information system.
• Information System components
• Stakeholders of an Information System.
• Role of the Systems Analyst
Objectives
• Define system, information system, automated
information system and its components.
• Identify the different components of Information System
(IS)
• Identify and describe various types of information
systems
• Enumerate and explain the skills and roles of Systems
Analyst
What is systems analysis and design?

• Deals with the software development

activities.
• Systems Analysis is often used to refer to the
whole development process, whereas it really
only refers to two stages-Analysis and Design
System Analysis and Design
• Is a systematic approach in identifying problems,
opportunities and objectives; to analyze the
information flows in organization; and designing
computerized information system approach to
introduction, modification and maintenance of
information systems.
• ANALYSIS - determines WHAT the system should
do. It is used to gain an understanding of an
existing system and what is required of it.

• DESIGN - determines HOW the system should do

it. - Proposes a new system that meets
requirements identified during analysis.
The whole process is usually driven by a
need, or objective to:

• To improve efficiency
• To increase profitability
• To speed up processing
• To improve customer service
• To reduce time taken
What is a System?
• is a set of interrelated components working
together for a common purpose.
• is an organized body of interrelated parts.
• a collection of components that work together to
realize some objective.
• any group of components (functions, people,
activities, events, etc) that interface with and
complement one another to achieve one or more
predefined goals.
Components of a system
1. Input
2. Feedback
3. Process
4. Controls
5. Output
6. Boundary
Types of System
• Operational System – is designed to process date
generated by the day to day business transaction of
a company.
• Management Information System – refers to a
computer based system that generates timely and
accurate information for the top, middle, and lower-
level of management
Con’t Types of System
• Decision Support System – is a system designed to
help someone reach a decision by summarizing or
comparing data from either or both internal and
external source
• Executive Information System – combines all
featured and capabilities of both management
information system and decision support system.
Con’t Types of System
• Expert system – combines the knowledge on a
given subject of one or more human expert’s
reasoning and decision making processes

• Office Automation system – meet the need of

integrated, efficient information exchanges among
all the employees in an organization
 Types of MIS

• Decision Support Systems (DSS)

• Contain models, or formulas, that manipulate data
into information
• Often answer “what if?” questions
• Group Decision Support Systems (GDSS)
• Generate ideas, establish priorities, and reach
decisions in group environment
 Types of MIS
• Executive Information Systems (EIS)
• Can gather information from vast amounts of data
for high-level executives
• Highly useful in control and planning
• Expert Systems (ES)
• Programmed with human expertise
• Can help solve problems of unstructured nature
 Types of MIS
• Geographic Information Systems (GIS)
• Represents local conditions or features
• Allows planning, decision-making, and monitoring of
local conditions or activities
• On-demand Output
• Managers can obtain reports tailored to their needs at
any time
What is Information System?

• An information system is a type of fabricated

system that is used by one or more persons to
help accomplish a task or assignment.
Information System Components

• Hardware
• Software
• Data
• Processes
• People
Information System Components
• Hardware is the physical layer of the information
system
• Software
• System software controls the hardware and
software environment and includes the operating
system
• Application software consists of programs that
that process data to produce information
Information System Components

• Data stored in files and databases is a vital

component of every system
Information System Components
• Processes define the tasks that must be
performed by users, managers, and IS staf
• People who use the system are called users, or
end users, and include employees, customers,
vendors, or others who interact with the
system
Components of an Information System
What is an Automated
Information System?

• Is an information system that incorporates

the use of hardware and software
Components of Automated IS
• data - is the raw material that an information
system transform into useful information.

• processes/procedures - describe the task and

business functions that users, managers, and IT
staf members perform to achieve specific task.
Components of Automated IS
• people (users) - they are the one who interact
with the information system.
• hardware - consist of everything in the physical
layer of the IS.
• software - refers to the programs that control the
hardware and procedure the desired information
or result.
Types of Software
• System software - manages the hardware
components, which can include a single
workstation global network with many
thousands of clients.
• Program software - consists of programs that
support day-to-day business functions and
provide users with the information they
require
Basic Characteristics of
Information System
• Data are either 1) input via some data entry such
as a keyboard, scanner or mouse, 2) already in
the system and stored on a storage device such
as magnetic disk or diskette. 3) displayed or
printed on an output medium such as a display
screen, paper or microfilm
Function
• A function is a transformation or action taken
by the information system. Functions carry out
and enforce business policies, rules and
procedures.

• Other synonyms for function are process,

service and method.
Behavior

• Is the observable efects of a request. Behavior is

present in all systems.
Stakeholders of IS
• Stakeholders is a business unit, individual,
or group of individuals that afects or is
afected by an information system
•Database administrators
•Users
•Managers
•Systems analyst
•Programmers and Tech. staf
•Vendors
Roles of the Systems Analyst
• The analyst must be able to work with people of all descriptions and
be experienced in working with computers
• Three primary roles:
• Consultant
• Supporting Expert
• Agent of change

Kendall & Kendall 1-29

Qualities of the Systems Analyst
• Problem solver
• Communicator
• Strong personal and professional ethics
• Self-disciplined and self-motivated

Kendall & Kendall 1-30

Evaluation

1. Write a background/introduction and objectives of your proposed system.

2. Write the roles of the different members in your group.