ALLOPHONE

Mhd Rifandi Hrp

0304162111
 DEFINITION OF ALLOPHONE

Allophone is one of
a set of multiple
possible spoken
sounds or signs
used to pronounce a
single phoneme in a
particular
language1.

1
. Philip Carr. 1993. Phonology. London: The macmillan press ltd
 KINDS of ALLOPHONES

Free variation allophones

Complementary
distribution allophones
 FREE VARIATION ALLOPHONES

Where the use of a particular

allophone overlaps with the use
of others.

Two sounds are used

indiscriminately in different
phonetic contexts.2

2
. April, Mc Mahon. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh University Press.
Examples:

- In utterance-final position, there is free

variation between unreleased and
aspirated plosives, as demonstrated
below:
[hQt|] ‘hat’
[hQtH] ‘hat’
- In the word ‘data’, there Is free varIatIon
between the phonemes /eJ/ and /Q/, as
demonstrated below:
[deJR«] ‘data’
[dQR«] ‘data’
 COMPLEMENTARY DISTRIBUTION
ALLOPHONES

Two allophones are in

complementary distribution if
the contexts in which they
appear do not overlap.

Two sounds are never used in the

same phonetic context.3
3
. David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Department of Linguistics Ohio State University. Cambridge
university press.
Examples:
The phones [p] and [pH] are in complementary distribution.
[pH] occurs syllable-initially in a stressed syllable, but [p]
never does, as demonstrated here:
 References:

April, Mc Mahon. An Introduction to English Phonology. Edinburgh University Press.

Szilágyi László. 2014. Put English Phonetics into Practice. Beregszász.
David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Department of Linguistics Ohio State University.
Cambridge University Press.
Chris McCully. 2009. The Sound Structure of English. New York: United States of America by
Cambridge University Press.
David Odden. Introducing Phonology. Cambridge University Press.
Heinz J. Giegerich. English Phonology An Introduction. Cambridge University Press.
John Clark, Colin Yallop and Janet Fletcher. An Introduction to Phonetics and Phonology
Third Edition. Blackwell Publishing.
Mehmet Yavas. Applied English Phonology Second Edition. Wiley-Blackwell.
Pamela Rogerson. English Phonology and Pronunciation Teaching. Bloomsbury.
Paul de Lacy. 2007. The Cambridge Handbook of Phonology. Cambridge University Press.
Peter Roach. English Phonetics and Phonology Third Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Peter Roach. English Phonetics and Phonology Fourth Edition . Cambridge University Press.
Philip Carr. 1993. Phonology. London: The Macmillan Press ltd.
Philip Carr. 1999. English Phonetics and Phonology An Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell.
Soenjono Dardjowidjojo. English Phonetics and Phonology for Indonesians. Yayasan Pustaka
Obor Indonesia.