COURSE: HIGHWAY

ENGINEERING
LESSON N° 02a
Civil Eng. MPM Piero Ytalo Sousa Donayre

August 20 2018
 TOPICS TO STUDY IN THE PRESENT
LESSON
UNIT I: CONCEPTS AND CHARACTERISTICS
OF THE HIGHWAY SYSTEM
• The Role and Components of Project Evaluation.
• Discussion about conceptual design, topography,
classification of materials, and driver, vehicle and
roadway characteristics, the driver.
• Classification of materials.
• Conceptual design and classification of materials.
Control factors.
The Role and Components of Project Evaluation

l. The Role
• To stop bad projects
• To determine if components of projects are
consistent
• To assess the sources and magnitudes of risks
• To determine how to reduce risks and efficiently
share risks
 Engineering Design Process

A. Concept - Idea and Project Definition

B. Pre-Feasibility Study
C. Feasibility and Financing
D. Detailed Design
E. Project Implementation
F. Post Evaluation
A. Conceptual Design
• Sources of Ideas for Investments:
• Key questions
a. Where is the demand?
b. Is this project consistent with the
organization’s expertise, current plans and strategy
for the future?
B. Pre-Feasibility Study
• Examines overall potential of project
• Should maintain same quality of information across all
variables
• Wherever possible should use secondary information

Key questions:
a. Is this project financially and economically feasible
throughout the project’s life?
b. What are the key variables?
c. What are the sources of risk?
d. How can the risk be reduced?
C. Feasibility Study
• Focus is on improving accuracy of the key variables
• Alternatives for reducing risk are examined in
detail
• Some primary data may be needed
Key questions:
• Is project financially attractive to all interested
parties in activity?
• What is level of uncertainty of key variables?
• Can final decision for approval be taken?
 Environmental Assessment
• Environmental Assessment expands information for the
Economic Analysis
• Identification of Environmental Impacts and Risks
• Where possible, Quantify the Environmental Impacts

• Key questions:
a. What are the likely environmental impacts from undertaking
project ?
b. What is the cost of reducing the negative impact?
c. Evaluation of the environmental impacts and risks with and
without technical measures are taken to reduce these impacts?
d. Are there alternative ways of supplying the good or service of
project without incurring these environmental costs? What are
the costs of these alternatives?
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design Speed:
It is the speed chosen for the design, understanding that
it will be the maximum that can be maintained safely
and comfortably, on a determined section of the road,
when the circumstances are favorable so that the design
conditions prevail.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design Speed:
In the process of assigning the Design Speed, the
highest priority must be given to the road safety of the
users. Therefore, the design speed along the line must be
such that the drivers are not surprised by sudden and / or
frequent changes in the speed at which they can safely
travel.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design Speed:
The designer, to ensure the consistency of the speed, must
identify along the route, homogeneous sections to which by
the topographic conditions, they can be assigned the same
speed. This speed, called Design Speed of the homogeneous
section, is the basis for the definition of the characteristics of
the geometric elements, included in said section. To identify
the homogeneous sections and establish their Design Speed,
the following criteria must be met:
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
1) The minimum length of a section of road, with a given design
speed, must be three (3.0) kilometers, for speeds between twenty
and fifty kilometers per hour (20 and 50 km / h) and four (4.0)
kilometers for speeds between sixty and one hundred and twenty
kilometers per hour (60 and 120 km / h).

2) The difference in Design Speed between adjacent sections

must not be greater than twenty kilometers per hour (20 km / h).
Notwithstanding the foregoing, if due to a marked change in the
type of terrain in a short sector of the route, it is necessary to
establish a section with a shorter length than the one specified, the
difference of its Design Speed with that of the adjacent sections is
not It must be greater than ten kilometers per hour (10 km / h).
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Design speed of the homogeneous section:

The Design Speed is defined according to the demand

classification or
orography of the road to be designed. Each homogeneous
section can be assigned the
Design Speed in the range indicated in Table 204.01.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Specific speed of the elements that make up
the trace in plan and profile
The maximum speed of a vehicle at any given moment is
mainly a function of the restrictions or opportunities offered
by the road layout, the surface condition of the road, the
weather conditions, the traffic intensity and the
characteristics of the road. vehicle.
In this sense, it is necessary to dimension the geometrical
elements of the road, in plan, profile and cross section, in
such a way that it can be traveled safely, at the maximum
speed assigned to each one of said geometrical elements.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Specific speed of the elements that make up
the trace in plan and profile
The maximum speed with which each geometric element would be
addressed is the Specific Speed with which it must be designed. The
value of the Specific Speed of a geometric element depends essentially
on the following parameters:
The value of the Design Speed of the Homogeneous Section in which
the element is included. The desirable condition is that the majority of
the geometric elements that make up the homogeneous section can be
assigned as Speed Specific, the value of the Design Speed of the
section.
Of the geometry of the trace immediately before the element
considered, taking into account the direction in which the vehicle makes
the journey.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Specific speed of the elements that make up
the trace in plan and profile
To ensure the greatest possible homogeneity in the Specific Speed of
curves and tangents, which necessarily translates into greater safety for
users, requires that the Specific Speeds of the elements that make up a
homogeneous section are equal to the Design Speed of the section or
Do not exceed this speed by more than twenty kilometers per hour.
The general sequence for assigning the Specific Speed of the geometric
elements in plan and profile is the following:
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Specific speed of the elements that make up
the trace in plan and profile
1) In the plant design process:
Starting from the Design Speed of the homogeneous section adopted,
assign the Specific Speed to each of the horizontal curves.
Starting from the Specific Speed assigned to the horizontal curves,
assign the specific velocity to the horizontal tangents.
 HORIZONTAL STRETCH
DESIGN PARAMETERS
Specific speed of the elements that make up
the trace in plan and profile
2) In the profile design process:
Starting from the Specific Speed assigned to the horizontal curves and
to the horizontal tangents, assign the Specific Speed to the vertical
curves
Starting from the Specific Speed assigned to the horizontal tangents,
assign the Specific Speed to the vertical tangents.
CONCLUSIONS

01 Conclusion

02 Conclusion

03 Conclusion

04 Conclusion