100%(2)100% au considerat acest document util (2 voturi)
535 vizualizări13 pagini
This document outlines the key steps in developing a research study, including defining the research problem, formulating objectives and a hypothesis, developing a theoretical framework, determining the significance and scope of the study, and ensuring the research problem is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. It also discusses sources of research problems, the relationship between objectives and hypotheses, and how to operationally define key terms.
This document outlines the key steps in developing a research study, including defining the research problem, formulating objectives and a hypothesis, developing a theoretical framework, determining the significance and scope of the study, and ensuring the research problem is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. It also discusses sources of research problems, the relationship between objectives and hypotheses, and how to operationally define key terms.
This document outlines the key steps in developing a research study, including defining the research problem, formulating objectives and a hypothesis, developing a theoretical framework, determining the significance and scope of the study, and ensuring the research problem is specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, and time-bound. It also discusses sources of research problems, the relationship between objectives and hypotheses, and how to operationally define key terms.
Identify sources of research problem Define objectives Formulate a hypothesis Construct Theoretical and Conceptual Framework Value the significance of the study Know the importance of scope and limitations of study Importance of definition of terms Researchable when: There is no known solution to the problem The solution can be answered by using statistical methods and techniques There are probable solutions but they are not yet tested The occurrence of the phenomena requires scientific investigation to arrive at a precise solution Specific The problem should be specifically stated Measurable It is easy to measure by using research instruments in collecting data Achievable The data are achievable using correct statistical techniques to arrive at precise results Realistic Results are not manipulated Time-bound Time Frame is required in every activity because the shorter completion of the activity the beter Research was born out of man’s problems and man’s major problem demands research ( Good and Scates, 1972) Specialization of the researcher is also an impetus towards research Existing and past researches are rich sources of research problems even using research replication utilizing same instrument but administered to different group of subjects Other sources include theses, dissertation, research journals In research paper, thesis or dissertation either a problem or objective is used Problem/objective stated in chapter 1 is answered in chapter 4 Research objective is defined as statement of purpose for which the investigation is to be conducted Research objectives are stated in a simple language in order that the researcher finds them easy to measure by using research instruments in collecting data and theses data are achieved when correct statistical techniques are used to arrive at real results Defined as a wise guess that is formulated and temporarily adopted to explain the observed facts covered by the study Types of Hypothesis Null hypothesis ▪ Is a denial of an existence of an attribute of an attitude, a relationship, or a difference of an effect ▪ Always stated in a negative form Alternative hypothesis ▪ Affirmation of the existence of an observed phenomenon ▪ Stated in a positive form Theoretical Framework Shapes the justification of the research problem/ research objectives in order to provide the legal basis for defining its parameters or variables A symbolic construction which uses abstract concepts, facts or laws, variables and their relations that explains and predicts how an observed phenomenon exists and operates An investigator is required to formulate existing theories which link his study because theories are useful devise for interpreting, criticizing and unifying established scientific laws or facts that guide in discovering new generalizations Conceptual Framework Presents specific and well defined concepts which are called constructs Constructs are mental abstractions that we used to express the ideas, people, organisations, events and/or objects/things that we are interested in. Constructs are a way of bringing theory down to earth, helping to explain the different components of theories, as well as measure/observe their behaviour. Should be presented comprehensively in order to convince the screening committee of the importance of the study Presented in inductive or deductive perspective Inductive From particular to general Deductive From general to particular An important section of a research paper which includes: The coverage of the study The subjects The research instruments The research issues and concerns The duration of the study Constraints that have direct bearing on the result of the study Two ways to define key terms used in the study Conceptual Definition The definition of the terms are based on concepts or hypothetic ones which are usually taken from the dictionary Operational Definition The definitions are based on the observable characteristics and how it is used n the study