BY:

R. Rr. DITYA ROHMADHONA, M.Hum.

BHAKTI HUSADA MULIA COLLEGE FOR

HEALTH SCIENCE MADIUN
- It’s used to show something was true in past,
is true in the present, and will be true in the
future. It’s also used for general statement or
fact.
Ex: the world is round, Water consists of
hydrogen and oxygen
- Express habitual/everyday activity
Ex: I study for two hours every night.
- May indicate a situation that exists right
now, at the moment of speaking
Ex: I have only a dollar right now
There are two patterns of simple present
tense, those are: verbal and nominal.

Nominal Pattern  This pattern hasn’t verb,

It’s subtituted by Linking Verb / to be (the
word which is followed adjective/ noun/
adverb (complement).
He,She, It  is
They, We, You  are
I  am
So, the patterns are:
Positive sentences
Subject/Noun+LV+Complement

Ex: The world is round

N LV C
Ary is a nurse
S LV article C
Negative Sentences
Subject/Noun+LV+ Not+Complement

Ex: The world is not round

N LV not C
Negative Sentences
LV+Subject/Noun+Complement?
Ex: Is The world round ?
LV N C

Article is divided into two, those are: A and

An. An is used for the word which has
vowel or having vowel (a, i, u, e, o) sound.
Ex: an umbrella, an hour
A is used for the consonant (k.l.b.c...etc.)
word or which has consonant sound.
Ex: a book, a university, a universe
Let’s differentiate between verb base (plural),
verb-s (singular), and verb-es (singular)

Verb Base is original verb/verb 1:

Ex: watch, see, cook, bite...etc.

Verb-s  verb+s (for most words, simply

final-s is added to spell the world correctly)
Ex: Sing+s  sings
Cook+s  cooks
Verb-es: (final –es is added to words that end
in: –sh, -ch, -ss, -o, -zz, -x, -y)
Ex: -ch: watch  watches
-ss: pass  passes
-x : fix  fixes
-sh: push  pushes
-o : go  goes
-zz: buzz  buzzes
For the words that end in –y:
- If –y is preceded by a consonant, the –y is
changed into –i and –es is added.
Ex: study  studies
- If –y is preceded by a vowel, -s is added
Ex: buy  buys
- Adv. of time/Time signal for simple present
tense is: everyday, every...., once a week, three
times a day, today, now, this afternoon, this
morning, etc.

- Adverb of place: campus, hospital, surabaya, etc.

- Adverb of frequency: always, often, seldom,

sometimes, ever, usually, etc. (it’s placed after
subject)

- Adverb of manner: well, fast, quickly, early, etc.

HOW IS THE PATTERN?
Positive:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

S/N+Vs/es+Complement

Ex:
Rama proposes Shinta in the palace now.
S Verb-s Object adv of place TS
complement
-
- The second formula is for subject They,
We, You, I:

S/N+V1+Complement

Ex:
Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery
S V1 Object

in the palace this morning.

adv of place TS
complement
Auxiliary (kata bantu kata kerja): do and does. It’s
used in negative and interrogative form only.

Negative:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

S/N+Does+Not+ V1+Complement

Ex:
Rama does not propose Shinta in the palace now.
S aux not Verb 1 Object adv of place TS
complement
- The second formula is for subject They, We,
You, I:

S/N+Do+Not+V1+Complement

Ex:
Rama and Shinta do not see
S aux not V1

beautiful scenery in the palace this morning

Object. adv of place TS
complement
Interrogative:
- The first formula is for subject He, She, It:

Does+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex:
Does Rama propose Shinta in the palace
aux S Verb 1 Object adv of place
complement
now?
TS
The second formula is for subject They, We,
You, I:
Do+S/N+ V1+Complement ?

Ex:
Do Rama and Shinta see beautiful scenery
aux S V1 Object
in the palace this morning?
adv of place TS
complement
tHaNk yOu

sEe YoU

-dHeRHo-
^_^