Introduction

to
Civil Engineering
Roads

Made by –Navneet ku.shah,Kundan

paswan,Mohit Shakya,Pankaj Sisodiya,Milind
Dawar,Manish Rawat,Hemant Kumar
 PRESENTATION CONTENT
• Overview of civil Engineering
• ROADS
1. Types of roads
2. Nagpur Road plan
3. Components of Road and their function
4. Overview of Indian Road congress
5. National Highway Authority of India(NHAI)
6. American Society of Civil Engineers(ASCE)
• Emerging trends in infra spending through public
and public-private partnership (PPP)
 Engineering
• Ingenious means ‘Clever person’ in Latin
• Engineer cleverly uses the available natural
resources for the benefit of mankind
• Provides comfort to mankind and makes life
comfortable.
• Application of scientific and mathematical
knowledge and rational thinking to improve living
standards
 Civil Engineering
• Oldest branch of engineering, next to Military engineering. All
engineering works other than for military purposes were
grouped in to Civil Engineering. Mechanical, Electrical,
Electronics & present day Information technology followed it.
• A professional engineering discipline that deals with the
analysis, design, construction and maintenance of
infrastructural facilities such as buildings, bridges, dams,
roads etc.
• Constructions are against nature.
• Application of physical, mathematical and scientific principles
for the convenience of civilization.
• Began b/w 4000 BC and 2000 BC (during Ancient Egypt,
Mesapotamia, Indus Valley Civilisations).
• John Smeaton was the first self proclaimed Civil Engineer
who built Eddystone Light House in 1771.
 Deals with Transportation system
Planning And high way material design
ROADS
 Road
• A road is an identifiable route, way or path
between two or more places
• Roads are typically smoothed, paved, or
otherwise prepared to allow easy travel
• A "road" was simply any pathway fit for riding.
• The United States has the largest network of
roadways of any single country in the world with
6,430,366 km (2005).
• India has the second largest road system in the
world with 3,383,344 km (2002).
• People's Republic of China is third with
1,870,661 km of roadway (2004).
 Types of Roads
• Based on Size
– Single, Double, Four, Six Lane Roads etc.
• Based on (Nagpur Road Plan) national
principles
– National Highways
– State Highways
– Major District Roads
– Minor & Other District Roads
– Village Roads
• Based on type of road surface
– Bituminous Road
– Concrete Road
– Water bound macadam road
– Mud Road
 Components of Road

• Sub Grade
• Sub Base Wearing Course
• Base
• Surface Surface Course
Base Course
Course Sub Base Course
Subgrade
 Functions of each layer are
described as below:
• Sub-Grade : The load is transferred by the sub-grade effectively to the
earth mass. However the locally available earth is used to construct the
sub-grade but it becomes necessary that the sub-grade should be of
required strength.
• Sub-base and base course: Base course and sub-base course is used in
the flexible pavement to disperse the upcoming loads to large area through
a finite thickness, so as to increase the load bearing capacity of the
pavement. The material used are the broken stones, or gravels, or bound or
unbound aggregates.
• Wearing course:
• The top most layer serves as the smooth riding surface for the traffic, and it
wears all the abrading forces. The top most layer is constructed with the
superior quality of aggregates because it has to wear the maximum intensity
of loads. It has to be water proof to stop the water penetration to the lower
layers, so in case of flexible pavements the bituminous concrete is used and
it is well compacted, and in rigid pavements the cement concrete is used
and is well compacted so that no water penetration takes place.
 India Roads Congress (IRC)

Indian Roads Congress (IRC) was set up by the Government of India in

December, 1934 on the recommendations of Jayakar Committee with
the objective of promoting and encouraging the science for
building and maintenance of roads. It also provides a national forum
for sharing of knowledge and pooling of experience on the entire range
of subjects dealing with the construction and maintenance of roads and
bridges. IRC has now about 13,500 members comprising of engineers of
all ranks from Central and State Governments, Engineering Services of
Army, Border Roads Organization, Road Research Institutes,
Engineering Colleges, Local Bodies and private enterprises.
 Nagpur Road Plan

The second World War saw a rapid growth in road traffic and this
led to the deterioration in the condition of roads. To discuss about
improving the condition of roads, the government convened a
conference of chief engineers of provinces at Nagpur in 1943. The
result of the conference is famous as the Nagpur plan.

The roads were divided into four classes:

1.National highways which would pass through states, and places
having national importance for strategic, administrative and other
purposes.
2.State highways which would be the other main roads of a state.
3.District roads which would take traffic from the main roads to
the interior of the district . According to the importance, some are
considered as major district roads and the remaining as other
district roads.
4.Village roads which would link the villages to the road system.
 NATIONAL HIGHWAY
AUTHORITY OF INDIA

The National Highways Authority of India(NHAI) is an autonomous

agency of theGovernment of India, responsible for management of a
network of over 70,000 km of National Highways in India.[3] It is a nodal
agency of the Ministry of Road Transport and Highways.

• The NHAI was created through the promulgation of the National

Highways Authority of India Act, 1988. In February 1995, the Authority
was formally made anautonomous body
• It is responsible for the development, maintenance, management and
operation of National Highways, totaling over 92,851.05 km
(57,694.97 mi) in length
 Road development
• Golden Quadrilateral – 6000 km (New Delhi, Kolkata,
Chennai & Mumbai)
• North-South & East-West (NSEW) corridor – 7300 km
(Srinagar-Kanyakumari, Silchar-Porbandar)
• Port connectivity & other projects
• Pradhana Mantri Bharath Jodo Pariyojana – 10000 km
• Pradhana Mantri Grameena Sadak Yojana – connectivity to
160000 rural habitation
India’s Road Infrastructure (May 05)
The American Society of Civil Engineers. ASCE's mission is
to provide essential value to our members and partners,
advance civil engineering, and serve the public good.
Founded in 1852, the American Society of Civil Engineers
represents more than 140,000 civil engineers worldwide and
is America's oldest national engineering society. ASCE is
dedicated to the advancement of the individual civil engineer
and the advancement of the science and profession of civil
engineering through education.
The government expects the total spending, both public and private, to be in
excess of Rs 1 lakh crore in the current fiscal. It plans to award 100 projects in
2016-17 under the public-private partnership (PPP) mode
-Economic Times,11 Nov,2015

PMC seeks private help to improve infra, transport

- Times of India,9 Nov ,2015