Chapter 5 :

Water & Solution

5.1 PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF WATER
 Learning Objectives :

 Physical properties of water

 Composition of Water
 Effect of Impurities on Boiling Point & Melting point of
Water
 Evaporation of water & factors affecting it
 Application of evaporation of water in daily life
 Physical Properties of Pure Water

Colourless
Odourless
Tasteless
Exists as liquid at room temperature
Boiling point = 100°C
Freezing point = 0°C
Density = 1 g cm–3
High surface tension
Water can exist as solid (ice cube) & gas (water vapour)
Activity : Physical Properties of Water

• Look through the water to observe the colour

• Smell the water
• Put a drop of water at the tip of tongue
• Put a small piece of paper slowly on surface of water

What do you observe ?

 High Surface Tension

• Surface tension is a result of cohesive force between the

molecules of water at the surface that allows insects like
daddy longlegs to stay afloat on water
 Cohesive force

• Cohesive force between water

molecules and adhesive force
between water molecules and
the cell walls of xylem allow
water to be drawn up from the
roots to the leaves of plants.
• This phenomenon is known as
capillary action
States of Matter
 Recap Questions

What are the physical properties of water ?

Exists as liquid at
Boiling point =
Colourless Odourless Tasteless room
100°C
temperature

Water can exist

Freezing point = Density = 1 g High surface as solid (ice
0°C cm–3 tension cube) & gas
(water vapour)
 Learning Objectives :

 Physical properties of water

 Composition of Water
 Effect of Impurities on Boiling Point & Melting point of
Water
 Evaporation of water & factors affecting it
 Application of evaporation of water in daily life
 Composition of Water

• Water is a compound which is made up of oxygen and hydrogen

that combine chemically
• The composition of elements in a water molecule determined
through electrolysis
Electrolysis
of water
Electrolysis of water

20ml Rekindles
40ml Burns with a ‘pop” sound
 1 : 2
Oxygen gas is Hydrogen gas is
released released

Electrolysis
of water
 Recap Questions

What is the composition of water?

Hydrogen and oxygen in ratio of 2:1
How to determine the composition of water?

Through electrolysis of water

 Learning Objectives :

 Physical properties of water

 Composition of Water
 Effect of Impurities on Boiling Point & Melting point of
Water
 Evaporation of water & factors affecting it
 Application of evaporation of water in daily life
Effect of Impurities on B.P & M.P
 Effect of Impurities

Other physical characteristics of water

such as taste, smell and colour can also
change in the presence of impurities. For
example, seawater tastes salty because
it contains dissolved salt.
 Effect
of table
salt on
m.p
Melts in 1 minute Melts in 2 minute

Salt lowers the melting point. Rate of

melting will be faster.
 80ºC

Effect of
table
Boils in 5 minutes
salt on
b.p
Boils in 9 minutes

Salt increases the boiling point. Rate of

boiling will be slower.
 Recap Questions

What is the effect of salt on melting point of ice?

Salt lowers the melting point. Ice melts faster
What is the effect of salt on boiling point of water?
Salt increases the boiling point. Water boils late
 Learning Objectives :

 Physical properties of water

 Composition of Water
 Effect of Impurities on Boiling Point & Melting point of
Water
 Evaporation of water & factors affecting it
 Application of evaporation of water in daily life
 Evaporation of water

• Evaporation of
water is the process
that happens at the
surface of water
that changes water
to water vapour
• Can occur at any
temperature
Factors
Affecting
Evaporation
 Recap Questions

What is evaporation of water?

Evaporation process that happens at the
surface of water that changes water to
water vapour
 Recap Questions

What is factors affecting evaporation of water?

• Temperature
• Humidity
• Exposed surface area
• Movement of Air
 Recap Questions

How do these factors affect the rate of evaporation?

• Temperature = T increases, R increases.
• Humidity = H increases, R decreases.
• Exposed surface area = SA increases, R increases.
• Movement of Air = MA increases, R increases
Homework
 Learning Objectives :

 Physical properties of water

 Composition of Water
 Effect of Impurities on Boiling Point & Melting point of
Water
 Evaporation of water & factors affecting it
 Application of evaporation of water in daily life
Application
of
Evaporation
of Water In
Daily Life
Application
of
Evaporation
of Water In
Daily Life
Application
of
Evaporation
of Water In
Daily Life
Application
of
Evaporation
of Water In
Daily Life
 Activity : Water Audit

Carry out water auditory activity to

determine the usage of water at
home or school. Suggest some
innovation to save water or use water
wisely