Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
By
Muhammad Arif
Source of slides
1. Paul Breeze, Power Generation Technologies , Elsevier, 2005.
2. R. K. Rajpoot, A Text Book of Power System Engineering, Laxmi Publications, Delhi, 2006
Operation of Gas Turbine
This power station is run with natural gas as fuel.
The turbines draw in air at the front of the unit and then
compress; mix with fuel and ignite the mixture at high
pressure.
The hot gas released expands through the turbine blades
connected to the turbine shaft and deliver some of the kinetic
energy of the gas to blades of turbine.
The shaft turns thus developing mechanical energy which is
converted into electrical energy by the generator.
Part of the power is consumed in driving the compressor and
part is converted into electrical energy.
Operation of Gas Turbine
Power generation gas turbine: This 480-megawatt unit has a rated thermal
efficiency of 60% in combined cycle configurations.
Main Parts of a Gas Turbine
Cons
Not self-starting. Compressor needs to be operating thus external
source of power is necessary.
Net output is low since greater power is used to drive compressor.
Overall efficiency of plant is low ~ 20% because of exhaust gases still
containing heat. Only efficient in a Combined cycle configuration
Temperature of combustion chamber is too high thus resulting in a
lower life.
Special metals and alloys are required for different components of the
plant
Higher rotor speeds (rotational speeds of 12,000 r.p.m or more)
Combined Cycle Power Plants
Fuel-to-electricity conversion efficiency of a gas turbine could be
38% using the best of today’s technology due to significant amount
of energy carried away by exhaust gases.
The exhaust heat can be captured in a steam boiler called a heat
recovery steam generator (HRSG) and generated steam is used to
drive a steam turbine and create additional electricity.
Using combined cycle configuration, gas turbine operates first and
the waste-heat recovery boilers and steam turbines are added later.
Such plants boast efficiencies of up to 57% and new generation
combined cycle power plants will soon reach 60% efficiency.
Combined Cycle Power Plants
Kot Addu Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Plant
Uch Combined Cycle Gas Turbine Power Plant
Coal gasification was widely used to produce town gas for industrial
and domestic use in the USA and Europe until natural gas became
readily available.
Modern gasifiers convert coal into a mixture of hydrogen and carbon
monoxide, both of which are combustible.
The process that takes place in the gasifier is a partial combustion of
the coal. Consequently it generates a considerable amount of heat.
This heat can be used to generate steam to drive a steam turbine.
The gas produced is cleaned and can be burned in a gas turbine to
produce further electricity.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plants
Heat from the exhaust of the gas turbine is used to raise additional
steam for power generation.
An IGCC power plant can achieve an efficiency of 45%. In addition it
can remove 99% of the sulphur from the coal and reduce the
emissions of NOx to below 50 ppm.
Another area that could prove attractive is underground gasification.
This involves the controlled burning of coal in the underground .
Air is injected through a borehole into the seam and the gasification
product is extracted from a second borehole. Underground
gasification avoids many of the pollution problems associated with
coal combustion while requiring little advanced technology. However
the technique is nowhere near commercial application.
Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle Plants
Thar Coal
Amongst the biggest coal reserves in the world (9.75 billion tons)
Too deep, low grade
The underground gas is to be converted into coal gas by a process
known as Underground Coal Gasification (UCG)
It can produce 50,000 MW of electricity for decades and 100
million barrels of oil for 500 years.
Syngas Production