STEERING SYSTEM

INTRODUCTION
• Turn Front Wheels
• Road Feel
• Maintains Amount of Effort
• Allow Suspension Action
 HISTORY
• Around the early 1800’s
Rudolph Ackermann
invented the first design a
steering system made up of
knuckles and angled
steering arm.
• He uses geometry of
steering which named as
Ackermann steering
geometry.
TYPES OF STEERING SYSTEM
TYPES OF STEERING GEOMETRY
• Davis Steering Geometry
• Ackermann Steering Geometry :-
1. Simple Ackermann Geometry
2. Anti-Ackermann Geometry
3. Parallel Ackermann Geometry
 COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM
• Steering Wheel :- Used by the driver to
rotate a steering shaft which passes
through steering column.
• Steering Shaft :- Transfers turning
motion from steering wheel to
steering gear box.
COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM
• Steering Column :- Supports the
steering column and steering
shaft.
• Universal Joint :- Transmits the
Steering shaft motion to
steering gears.
 COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM
• Steering Gears :- Coverts rotary
motion of steering wheel to
linear motion of road wheels. It
also minimizes the steering
effort. It also decides the
Steering Ratio.
• Gear Housing :- Used to hold the
gears.
 COMPONENTS OF STEERING SYSTEM
• Steering Linkages :- It connects the
steering gear box to steering
knuckles.
• Steering Knuckles :- It connects
steering linkage to the road
wheels.
TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO STEERING
• Camber :- Inclination of tyre with
a vertical drawn to road
surface.
1. Negative Camber
2. Positive Camber
• Caster : - Angular displacement of
steering axis measured from
side view.
TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO STEERING
• Steering Axis Inclination :- It is the
angle between steering axis
and vertical measured in front
view.
• Scrub Radius :- Distance between
steering Axis inclination and
centre of contact patch of tyre
measured in front view.
 TERMINOLOGIES RELATED TO STEERING
• Understeer :- The tendency of
vehicle to turn less
sharply than intended.
• Oversteer :- The tendency of
vehicle to turn more
sharply than intended.
MANUAL RACK AND PINION
• The gears are enclosed in casing
• Pinion gear connects to the steering
wheel through the steering column.
• When the driver turns the steering
wheel, the pinion gear rotates and
moves the rack.
• Tie rod assemblies connect rack to
the wheels.
HYDRAULIC POWER STEERING
• Power assists by hydraulic fluid.
Advantages :-
• Makes wheels easier to turn
Disadvantage :-
• More prone to leak
• Pump runs continuously
• Decreases MPG
ELECTRICAL POWER STEERING
• Power assists electrically
How its work :-
• Two sensor ,one sensor monitors
driver input from the steering wheel,
second sensor monitors the steering
gear position and provides feedback
to the steering module.
Disadvantage :-
• Without electric motor power
steering is lost.
 MECHANICAL LINKAGE STEERING
• No Gears are used.
• Power is transmitted only with the help of
mechanical linkages.
• More effort required than manual rack
and pinion.
• Quick in response.
• Used only for small vehicles like Go-Kart.
4 WHEEL STEERING
• All four wheels are
turned.
• Smaller Turning
Radius.
• Better stability of
vehicle
THANK
YOU !!!