Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Presented by:
SATVIK.S.SANJEE (1BO15CV094)
PRASHANT GADDADMATH(1BO16CV420)
SANDEEP KUMAR .G.P(1BO15CV075)
VINEETH.A(1BO15CV094)
CONTENTS
CHAPTER-1:
-Introduction
-road
-Bitumen
-Reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP)
-Objective
-scope
CHAPTER-2:
-Methodology
-Materials
CHAPTER-3:
-Literature
CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
ROAD:
India has a road network of over 5,603,293 kilometres (3,481,725 mi) as on 31 March 2016, the
second largest road network in the world.
Adjusted for its large population, India has approximately 4.63 km of roads per 1000 people.
Qualitatively India's roads are a mix of modern highways and narrow, unpaved roads, and are
being improved.
As on 31 March 2016, 62.5% of Indian roads were paved.
The length of national highways in India has increased from 70,934 km in 2010-11 to
101,011 km in 2015-16.
As of May 2017, India had completed and placed in use over 28,900 kilometres of recently built
4 or 6-lane highways connecting many of its major manufacturing centres, commercial and
cultural centres.
TYPES 0F ROADS:
PROPERTIES OF BITUMEN:
Hardness – Penetration greater than 40 are used for road construction.
Softening point – Property which make us to know whether given bitumen can be
used at the particular place i.e softening point value should be higher than
pavement temperature.
Ductility – Formation of the film snd coating would be proper.
Viscosity – At low or high viscosity of bitumen coating of binder around aggregates
will not be proper.
Flash and fire point – Flash point 175 degrees and, fire point usally 15 degree higher
than flash point.
Specific gravity – Lies between 0.97 to 1.02.
RECLAIMED ASPALT PAVEMENT(RAP):
Is defined as removed pavement materials containing asphalt and aggregates.
These materials are generated when asphalt pavements are removed for
reconstruction, resurfacing, or to obtain access to buried utilities.
When properly crushed and screened, RAP consists of high-quality, well-graded
aggregates coated by asphalt cement.
Sources of RAP:
The various possible sources of RAP are as follows
1. Generation from milling of HMA layer .
2. Full depth pavement removal .
3. Waste from HMA generated at plant Milling is the process of scraping and
removing any distressed upper layers of existing pavement to a specified
depth.
ADVANTAGES OF RAP:
Provide engineering benefits for contractors and government agencies involved in road
maintenance.
Save engineers and contractors time, money and materials.
Allowing for more efficient road maintenance projects.
Lower quality asphalt ca be used as a substitute for embankment, fill or road base materials.
Contractors save by reducing energy, materials and waste hauling costs.
Cost is susceptible to fluctuating prices in the market.
DISADVANTAGES OF RAP:
Cold temperature performance:
When in cold climates the use of recycled asphalt may contribute to the cracking of
pavement.
Variance in quality:
The quality of the pavement can vary.
The quality of the recycled pavement depends on factors such as the number of times the
source pavement had been reclaimed or had other work done on it.
Sometimes soil can get into the materials while it is being stored for recycling.
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives and scope of this study are outlined as follows:
Review current knowledge of road building and recycling of bituminous
mixtures.
Determine the Physical and Mechanical properties of Conventional aggregates
and RAP aggregates and the constituent mixtures.
Examine the effects of using RAP in Bituminous mixtures in terms of Stability
and flow.
To promote high proportion of RAP materials as base materials in flexible
pavement.
SCOPE
METHODOLOGY
MATERIALS:
CEMENT:
In the present study, 53 grade Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) confirming to IS
8112-1989 has been taken.
Specific gravity
The main aim is to determine the specific gravity of bituminous material
and it was determined in accordance to IS: 1202 – 1978
Grade of bitumen
The grade of bitumen is found out by penetration test and it was
determined in accordance to IS: 1203 - 1978.
Ductile of Bitumen
The main aim is to determine the ductility of bitumen and it was
determined in accordance to IS: 1208 - 1978.
Softening point
The main aim is to determine the softening point of the bitumen and it was
determined in accordance to IS: 1205-1978.