 A photocopier (also known as copy

machine or copier) It is a machine

that produces paper copies of text
documents, photos, or illustrations.
Most modern photocopiers use a
technology called xerography, a
method that uses electrostatic
charges on a light sensitive
photoreceptor to attract and lay
down toner to paper. Heat, pressure
or both are then used to meld the
toner onto the paper creating a visible
image.
A photocopier is a machine
that makes paper copies of
files, documents, images, etc.
quickly. It is also very cheap
to use that is why it has been
around for decades. It is also
known as a copier or a copy
machine but should not be
called as a “Xerox machine”.
Xerox is a brand that
manufactures photocopiers.
 Invented by Chester Carlson, he was
originally a patent attorney, as well
as a part-time researcher and
inventor. His job at the patent office
in New York required him to make a
large number of copies of important
papers. Carlson, who was arthritic,
found this to be a painful and
tedious process. This motivated him
to conduct experiments with photo
conductivity. Carlson used his
kitchen for his
"electrophotography" experiments,
and, in 1938, he applied for a patent
for the process.
He made the first photocopy
using a zinc plate covered with
sulfur. The words "10-22-38
Astoria" were written on a
microscope slide, which was
placed on top of more sulfur and
under a bright light. After the
slide was removed, a mirror
image of the words remained.
Carlson tried to sell his
invention to some companies,
but failed because the process
was still underdeveloped.
 Between 1939 and 1944, Carlson was turned down by
over 20 companies, including IBM and General
Electric—neither of which believed there was a
significant market for copiers.
 In 1944, the Battelle Memorial Institute, a non-profit
organization in Columbus, Ohio, contracted with
Carlson to refine his new process. Over the next five
years, the institute conducted experiments to improve
the process of electrophotography.
 In 1947, Haloid Corporation (a small New York-based
manufacturer and seller of photographic paper)
approached Battelle to obtain a license to develop and
market a copying machine based on this technology.
 Haloid felt that the word "electrophotography" was
too complicated and did not have good recall value.
After consulting a professor of classical language at
Ohio State University, Haloid and Carlson changed the
name of the process to "xerography," which was
derived from Greek words that meant "dry writing."
Haloid called the new copier machines "Xerox
Machines“
 In 1944, the Battelle Memorial Institute, a non-profit
organization in Columbus, Ohio, contracted with
Carlson to refine his new process. Over the next five
years, the institute conducted experiments to improve
the process of electrophotography.
 In 1949, Xerox Corporation introduced the first xerographic
copier called the Model A. In 1944, the Battelle Memorial
Institute, a non-profit organization in Columbus, Ohio,
contracted with Carlson to refine his new process. Over the
next five years, the institute conducted experiments to
improve the process of electrophotography.
 In the early 1950s, Radio Corporation of America (RCA)
introduced a variation on the process called Electrofax,
whereby images are formed directly on specially coated
paper and rendered with a toner dispersed in a liquid.
 During the 1960s and through the 1980s, Savin Corporation
developed and sold a line of liquid-toner copiers that
implemented a technology based on patents held by the
company.
 MONO COPIERS
-These are copiers that use only one
color toner, usually black. These
machines come in different size
ranges from low-end, low volume
copiers to high-speed, high-volume
devices that can more than 100 pages
per minute.
COLOUR COPIERS
-As the name suggests, this type can
produce coloured copies. It can also
print in black and white. These
copiers are usually multi-function
devices. They have 4 drums and 4
cartridges or toner reservoirs.
Some models have more.
 MULTIFUNCTIONAL COPIERS DIGITAL COPIERS
-These are Copiers
This is the digital age and it’s no
that perform more
surprise that photocopiers also use
tasks than just
this technology.
copying. These
copiers perform A digital copier is
tasks such as
a multi-function
printing, copying,
device that has
scanning and
faxing. the ability not
only to make
The latest models have internet access, and copies but to fax,
can be connected to the office network to
send files to different locations with the
scan and print. It
command functionalities of scan to Folder fulfils several
(SMB), Scan to e-mail, scan to FTP, WSD office functions.
Scanning, and Scan to USB.
 DESKTOP COPIERS NETWORK COPIERS
These are small, space-saving
photocopiers that can be placed on a
desk. They can be a basic device or a
multifunction
one. .

Most digital
copiers and
multifunctional
Desktop copiers are designed for A4 paper have a built-in
or smaller size only. They are simply models network card,
of smaller copiers or even multi-function or it is availed
copiers that have been designed to be placed
separately.
on the desk.
 High-Volume and High-Quality Copies
Photocopiers produce a high volume of copies in a relatively short amount of time without sacrificing
quality. The quality of the copies produced by a photocopy machine relates back to the technology known as
xerography. Xerography uses toner and an electrostatic charge to create dry copies. This prevents freshly made
copies from sticking together and smearing, which is one of the main advantages of using a photocopier versus a
printer for a large number of copies.
 More Than Just a Copy Machine
As technology has advanced, it's become possible to do more with a single machine. Photocopiers can
now do more than just make copies, but the capability of the photocopier depends entirely on the make and
model. Copy machines now frequently double as printers, scanners and fax machines. Some digital copiers also
have the ability to allow you to scan a document directly into an email attachment, to print from a USB or SD
card and to print complex items, such as booklets. Some are connected to the internet and can be used to print
documents from mobile phones.
 Other Useful Copy Machine Features
Photocopiers have other functions that streamline rather menial tasks. You can have the copy machine
collate documents a certain way in order to make them easier to hand out as packets, for example. You also have
the option to have documents stapled or three-hole punched. It will also print double-sided without requiring you
to remove and flip the paper, as you must do with some printers. You can even enlarge or shrink documents or
images, printing an A3 document on A4 paper, for example, or shrinking a photograph to match a frame.
 -An office without a copy machine is virtually unheard of. Even in the
modern push for paperless communication, the copy machine remains a
valuable piece of equipment that makes office life run a little more
smoothly. Whether it's faxing medical charts or printing meeting agendas,
photocopiers have myriad uses, starting with its original use: making
copies.

-A photocopier plays an important role in every office. ... Because

these photocopiers don't utilize the same printing system with the
desktop printers, it is certain that they do not use costly inks used
by desktop printers and also, they produce copies a lot faster than
usual printer's at large quantities.

-It makes paper copies of documents and other visual

images cheaply and quickly.