PHILOSOPHIES

OF
EDUCATION
Identify common philosophies of education
 CONSTRUCTIVISM
Si ex mo ay bahagi na ng buhay mo, natuto ka dahil sa
nakaraan niyo

Independent learning and construction of knowledge

Learning process and skills (e.g. searching, relating
pieces of information)
Teacher as facilitator
Versus Banking Approach and Tabularasa.
 ESSENTIALISM
“Ang mahalaga ang dapat laging una”

Basic Knowledge, skills and Values

Fundamental R’s, traditional discipline, core
curriculum
Teacher as fountain of information
Versus vocational courses
 PROGRESSIVISM
“Sa relasyon wag kang umasa dahil lahat nagbabago”
Live fully NOW
Need-based and relevant curriculum
Impermanence of life and inevitability of change
Natural science and social science
Experiential method
“hands-on-minds-on-hearts-on”
 PERENNIALISM
“Pag-ibig ko sa iyo’y di magbabago”
Rational and Moral Powers
Universal and unchanging, humanities, generalist
Teacher-centered
Versus specialization
 EXISTENTIALISM
“Ikaw ang pinili ko dahil ikaw ang gusto ko at wala
akong pakialam sa TADHANANG sinasambit mo”
Unique individuals
Wide variety options to choose
Focus on individuals
Versus behaviorism
 BEHAVIORISM
“Maghiwalay na tayo dahil marami ang chismosa’t
chismoso at di talaga ata tayo para sa isa’t isa”
Shaping of behavior based on environment
People respond to the stimulus
Pro DESTINY
 REALISM
“Kung totoong mahal mo ako dapat makita ko ang
winiwika mo”

Reason and observation to the natural world.

 IDEALISM
“Akala ko totoo… imagination ko lang pala”

Man is good by nature

mind
For items number 1-10 , kindly refer to the following
choices:
A.Behaviorism
B.Essentialism
C.Existentialism
D.Perennialism
1. Which among the following puts more emphasis
on core requirements, longer school day, longer
academic year and more challenging textbooks?

B. Essentialism
2. An individual is what he/she chooses to become
not dictated or affected by his/her environment.
This contradicts the philosophy of _____.

C. Existentialism
3. A certain principal said, “The teacher and the
school head must prescribe what is most
important for the students to learn.” The said
principal then adheres to _____.

Progressivism
4. “Our course of study should be general, not
specialized; liberal, not vocational; humanistic, not
technical”, says teacher Kia. From this we can say
that teacher Kia then adheres to _____.

D. Perennialism
5. According to a certain teacher, there is no
universal, inborn human nature. we are born and
exist and then we ourselves freely determine our
essence. The said teacher’s philosophy is centered
on?
C. Existentialism
6. Mr. Garry, a new teacher believes that
education is a process of development and is life
itself; therefore, experience related to the child’s
need and interest should be given primary
consideration. What educational philosophy is
being exhibited by Mr. Garry?

Progressivism
7. What philosophy advocates that the curriculum
should only include universal and unchanging
truths?

D. Perennialism
8. For the learner to acquire the basic skills, h/she
mst go through the rigor and discipline of serious
study.

B. Essentialism
9.Teacher Kay Anne said “The learner is not a blank
slate but brings past experiences and cultural factors
to the learning situation.” Teacher Darlene then
adheres to _____.

Constructivism
10. Teacher Jordan said, “Change of environment
can change a person.” Teacher Jordan’s statement
best reflects the philosophy called _____.

A. Behaviorism
11-15. In a faculty recollection, the teachers were asked to share their
thoughts of the learner, their primary customer. What follow is the gist of
what were shared:
Teacher A - “The learner is a product of his environment. Sometimes he has
no choice. He is determined by his environment.”
Teacher B - “The learner can choose what he can become despite his
environment.”
Teacher C - “The learner is a social being who learns well through an active
interplay with other.”
Teacher D - “The learner is a rational being. Schools should develop his
rational and moral powers.”
11. Whose philosophical concept is that of
Teacher A?
A. Rationalist C. Existentialist
B. Behaviorist D. Progressivist
12. Teacher B's response comes from the
mouth of a/an:
A.Behaviorist C. Essentialist
B.Existentialist D. Perennialist
13. If you agree with Teacher C, you are more
of a/an:
A.Perennialist C. Essentialist
B.Rationalist D. Progressivist
14. If you identify yourself with Teacher D, you
adhere to what philosophy?
A.Progressivist C. Existentialist
B.Behaviorist D. Perennialist
15. Whose response denies man's free will?
A.Teacher A C. Teacher D
B.Teacher C D. Teacher B
16. “Specialization is knowing more and more about less and
less. Then it is better to be a generalist,” claims Teacher Patty.
On which philosophy does Teacher Patty learn?
A.Essentialism C. Perennialism
B.Progressivism D. Existentialism
17-19. SITUATIONAL: In a faculty meeting, the principal told
his teachers: We need to improve our school performance in
the National Achievement Test. What should we do? The
teachers gave varied answers as follows:
I. Let’s give incentives and rewards to students who get rating
of 85%
II. Let’s teach them to accept complete responsibility for their
performance
III.Let’s make the school environment conducive for learning
IV.Let’s make use of the experiential methods of teaching
17. On which educational philosophy is response #1 anchored?
A.Behaviourism C. Existentialism
B.Progressivism D. Essentialism
18. Which response/s come/s from
behaviourist?
A.1 and 3 C. 1 and 2
B.2 and 4 D. 3 and 4
19. If you lean toward a progressivist
philosophy, with which response do
you agree?
A.4 C 1
B.2 D. 3
20. Teacher Helen’s class is engage in problem
solving activity which in a way is a reflection of
the personal and social experiences. The
purpose of this activity is for the students to
acquire the skills that can help them in solving
their own real-life problems. What philosophy
can best describe this?
A.Realism C.Progressivism
B.Idealism D. Existentialism
21. Teacher Cris views his students as a unique, free
choosing and responsible individuals. He encourages
them to develop their own individualities. What
philosophy does Teacher Cris adhere to?
A.Humanism C. Reconstructivism
B.Existentialism D. Essentialism
22. In the Social Science class of Ms. Macatangay,
students identify the various social and economic
problems that require urgent solutions. They not only
discuss the ways to address it but also agreed to
participate in solving them. What kind of philosophy
does this class uphold?
A. Naturalism C.Nationalism
B. Constructivism D. Reconstructivism
23. A curriculum should only include those that have
survived the test of time and combine the symbols of
literature, history and mathematics. Thus, curriculum like
this contains values that are constant and universal. What
philosophy describes this kind of curriculum?
A.Idealism C. Humanism
B.Perennialism D. Essentialism
24. The Department of Education gives greater
emphasis on the development of basic skills. What
is the philosophical basis for this?
a)Essentialism
b)Existentialism
c) Perennialism
d)Pragmatism
25. Scouting and Citizen’s Army Training (CAT)
give training in character-building, citizenship
training, etc., which leads to the creation of a new
social order and a new society eventually. What
philosophy supports this?
a)Existentialism
b)Perennialism
c)Progressivism
d)Social Reconstruction
26. Teacher Dan demonstrated the technique on how to
group students according to their needs and interest and
how to use self-paced instructional materials. Which
philosophy is manifested in this activity?
a)Essentialism
b)Progressivism
c) Realism
d)Social Reconstructionism
27. With death threat over his head, Teacher Mayra is
directed to pass an undeserving students. If she is a
hedonist, which of the following will she do?
a)Don’t pass him. Live by principle of justice. She will get
reward, if not in this life, in the next.
b)Don’t pass him. She surely will not like someone to give
you a death threat in order to pass.
c) Pass the student. That will be used to her, the student,
and his parents
d)Pass the students. Why suffer the threat?
28. Teacher Xiela is a very dedicated teacher in the
nursery. Her foremost concern is for students to
learn how to adapt themselves in the environment.
This shows that Teacher Xiela upholds what kind of
philosophy?
a)Naturalism
b)Hedonism
c)Perennialism
d)Rationalism
29. Joining organizations or clubs in school is requisite to
granting of academic distinction under DECS Order No.
65, s. 1998. This shows school community connection
reflected in activities geared towards society’s needs.
What philosophy is related to this?
a)Realism
b)Progressivism
c) Existentialism
d)Social reconstructionism
30. Teacher Maria sees to it that her classroom is
clean and orderly so her pupils will less likely
disarrange seats and litter on the floor. On which
thought is her action based?
a)Behaviorism
b)Existentialism
c) Progressivism
d)Reconstructionism
Thank you and God bless
you!