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NUGET

CoreScan
Hyperspectral Analysis

Useful minerals that are can be identified


NIR/SWIR Spectroscopy: by NIR/SWIR spectroscopy include:

The Near Infrared (NIR) and Shortwave Infrared (SWIR) spectrums are ranges of colours that are invisible Clay Minerals:
to the human eye, covering wavelengths between 750-1400nm (NIR) and 1400-3000nm (SWIR). Illite/Ammonium-Illite, Alunite, Kaolinite,
Smectite, Dickite, Pyrophyllite, Halloysite,
Many minerals (or compositions of minerals) that can be difficult to determine visually are easily Buddingtonite, Montmorilinite
identified by their response within the NIR and SWIR spectrums.
Sericite/White-Mica: Paragonite-
Muscovite-Phengite (Cr-Fuchsite)

Visible NIR SWIR Chlorite (Fe vs. Mg)

Carbonates:
Calcite, Dolomite, Ankerite, Siderite

Sulphates:
Gypsum, Anhydrite

Talc, Serpentine, Gibbsite, Zeolites

Amphibole:
Hornblende, Actinolite, Tremolite

Epidote-Clinozoisite

Phyllosilcates:
Biotite, Phlogopite, Vermiculite

Fe-Oxides:
Visible Range False Colour Ultraviolet False Colour Infrared Hematite, Jarosite, Goethite
(400-750nm) (100-400nm) (700-2500nm)
Hyperspectral Analysis

Sericite Chlorite

Wavelength
Caused by chemical variation within a mineral, can reflect changes in hydrothermal fluid or distinguish between metamorphic or alteration minerals.

Crystallinity
Poorly ordered crystal structure represents diagenetic or lower temperature (surface) mineralisation compared to igneous or re-mobilzed minerals

Slope
Can change due to Fe content. Used to differentiate between Calcite, Ankerite and Siderite.

Depth
Reflects the ‘purity’ of a mineral. Inclusions, water or inter-grown minerals result in more shallow absorption features.
CoreScan Spectral Analysis

CoreScan:
CoreScan simultaneously scans the core with
three different cameras:

• High resolution digital imager


• 3D Laser profiler
• Hyperspectral (NIR-SWIR) camera

High resolution (0.5mm x 0.5mm spot size)

Higher quality data:


• Fewer mixed mineral spectra.
• Automated interpretation
• Easy to use spectral products

Viewed through CoreScan’s website


www.coreshed.com

Download to integrate into the drill logs and


the data base for modeling.

Direct links to LeapFrog and Acquire Carbonate Wavelength

10mm

0.5mm

0.25mm2 78.5mm2
CoreScan Spectral Products

Mineral name Class Colour Priority


Amphibole 54 5
Aspectral 90 11
Carbonate 83 10
Chlorite 52 7
Dickite 12 1
Kaolinite 11 3
Montmorillonite 62 4
Phlogopite 41 6
Sericite 34 8
Quartz/Zeolite 84 2
Iron Oxide 100 12
Carbonate + Aspectral 80 9

Core Photography Carbonate Abundance Carbonate Wavelength


CoreScan Spectral Analysis
Quantitative Mineral Abundance

Chlorite Phlogopite Kaolinite Abundance:


Calculated as independent
variables.

This is important for quantifying


alteration accurately.

Abundances can be calculated


across any interval distance.
(e.g. matching assay intervals)
CoreScan Spectral Analysis

Carbonate Wavelength
Non-Spectral Products

Rock Quality:
3D laser profiler generates
automatic RQD and fracture
frequency data.

Weighs each core tray and can


uses the laser profile data to
calculate a SG density
measurement for each core tray.

Identify minerals associated


with fractures, or classify veins
based on compositions.

Ideal for mineral processing and


metallurgical applications.
CoreScan Spectral Analysis

Global Exploration Database

www.coreshed.com
Core Scanning: The Past Two Years

Core trays were run through the three principle SWIR core scanning systems to compare output, capabilities, quality
and costing.

Scanning outputs were validated against whole rock geochemistry & mineralogical determinations by XRD
Data also collected to make comparisons to the outputs vs. cheaper handheld technology (Halo or TerraSPEC3)

HyLogger
Core Scanning: The Past Two Years

HyLogger
HyLogger: “Dominate Mineral Assemblage” CoreScan: “Mineral Class Map”

White mica + chlorite dominant (±carbonate) Chlorite Calcite


White mica + carbonate dominant (±chlorite) White mica (sericite) Aspectral

HyLogger: White Mica (Sericite) Wavelength CoreScan: White Mica (Sericite) Map

Phengitic Paragonitic Phengitic Paragonitic

10cm
Chlorite Wavelength

4
Gold Assay (g/t Au)

0
Core Scanning: The Past Three Years

Long Canyon
Twin Creeks
Carlin Phoenix

Ghana:
Akyem
Ahafo/Subika
Ahafo/Subika
Akyem

Australia:
Boddington
Oberon
Tanami: Callie-Auron
Tanami: Oberon
Tanami DBS
Pilbara: Beaton’s Creek
Pilbara JV

Nevada:
Gold Quarry Boddington
Leeville (Fence)
Long Canyon
Phoenix
Twin Creeks
Ghana: Subika

Unaltered diorite: Amphibole, plagioclase, quartz

Weak alteration (Distal)


Amph + CO2 + H2O  chlor + calc + qtz
Plag + CO2  Albite + calcite
Add some K, produces white mica

Moderate alteration (Intermediate)


Chlorite + H2O + K  Ankerite + white mica
Calcite + FeMg  ank/dol

Intense Alteration (Proximal)


QSPC (quartz*, sericite, pyrite, carbonate) + Au

*Class Map Legend

Close-up of SKP069 ~270m (0.006g/t Au & 0.17% S) High Resolution Mineral Class
Amphibole Map Chlorite Map Calcite+Sericite
Digital Photo Map*
Map
Ghana: Subika CoreScan

(2185-2200 nm) Paragonite NaAl2 AlSi3O10 (OH)2


(2200-2210 nm) Muscovite KAl2 AlSi3O10 (OH)2
(2210-2216 nm) Phengite KAl1.5(Mg,Fe)0.5 AlSi3O10 (OH)2

0 g/t Au 0 g/t Au 1.0 g/t Au

0 g/t Au 0 g/t Au 0 g/t Au

0 g/t Au 0 g/t Au

0 g/t Au 0 g/t Au 0.7 g/t Au

0 g/t Au 20.4 g/t Au 0 g/t Au

0 g/t Au 0.1 g/t Au 0 g/t Au

0.1 g/t Au 0 g/t Au 22.4 g/t Au

4.7 g/t Au 1.1 g/t Au 16.3 g/t Au


t
CoreScan Sericite Wavelength Imagery (All Subika Samples)
Ghana

Ahafo North (Subenso) *Class Map Legend

SUP272 ~350m
0.665 g/t Au
0.04% S

SUP272 ~380m
0.010 g/t Au
0.04% S

SUP272 ~413m
62.0 g/t Au
2.24% S

High Resolution Mineral Class Amphibole Map Chlorite Map Siderite Map Siderite+Sericite Calcite Map Calcite+Sericite Sericite Wavelength
Digital Photo Map* Map Map Map
Ghana

*Class Map Legend

Ahafo North (Teechyere)

TWD124 ~182m
0.027 g/t Au

TWD124 ~211m
0.127 g/t Au

TWD124 ~241m
5.22 g/t Au

TWD124 ~248m
Sample should
have high Au??) 0.056 g/t Au

High Resolution Mineral Class Amphibole Map Chlorite Map Siderite Map Siderite+Sericite Calcite Map Calcite+Sericite Sericite Wavelength
Digital Photo Map* Map Map Map
Boddington – 3,000m
Boddington – 3,000m

Gold mineralisation associated with chlorite. High grade Au is associated with longer wavelength Fe-Chlorite

Boddington CoreScan Phlogopite abundance data Background ‘Primary’ amphibole is longer wavelength (hornblende) while secondary amphibole associated
compared to gold assays. with hydrothermal alteration is shorter wavelength (actinolite).
Boddington CoreScan: Phlogopite

3D LeapFrog interpolation of CoreScan phlogopite abundance data


>4ppm Au drill intercepts and modeled deep high grade target at Boddington.
Boddington – 3,000m
Tanami: Oberon & DBS
Mineralized Zone
Alteration Alteration
Halo Halo
Oberon
Tanami - Callie

Depth (m)
Digital Mineral Quartz Chlorite
Photo Class Map (Aspectral) Wavelength

Wavelength position of the FeOH adsorption feature in


Chlorite indicates that Au mineralisation is associated with a
zone of Fe-chlorite (2030-2064m).

Veins within the peripheral zones have distinct chlorite halos


suggesting that the Fe-rich chlorite is associated with
hydrothermal alteration, while the pervasive Mg-chlorite is
related to background greenschist metamorphism.

Although Goethite correlates well with Au, it is likely


associated with weathering of pyrite since drilling. Goethite
Chlorite Wavelength Gold Assay (ppm) Spectral Abundance
Tanami Factor Analysis

Factor 2
5 Chlorite 0.87
Chlorite (mix 2250D) 0.82
4 Chlorite (pure 2250D) 0.74
Carbonate Slope 0.66
Gold Assay (g/t Au)

Chlorite (mix 2300D) 0.62


3 Sericite (mix 2200L) 0.61
Chlorite (pure 2300D) 0.52
Biotite 0.52
2
Sericite (pure 2200L) 0.42
Carbonate 0.34
1 Sericite (pure 2200X) 0.33
Sericite 0.30
Kaolinite 0.30
0
Phlogopite 0.17
Amphibole 0.16
2
Sericite (mix 2200X) 0.13
Amphibole+Chlorite 0.09
1 Chlorite (pure 2250L) 0.07
Factor 2 Score

Epidote (pure 1500D) 0.04


Vermiculite 0.04
0 Epidote 0.04
Chlorite (pure 2300L) 0.03
Epidote (mix 1500D) 0.02
-1 Epidote+Sericite 0.02
Epidote (mix 1500L) -0.06
Epidote (pure 1500L) -0.07
-2 Zeolite -0.07
2037

2067
1990
1993
1996

2002
2005

2013
2016
2019
2022
2025
2028
2031
2034

2040
2043
2046
2049
2052
2055
2058
2061
2064

2070
2073
2076
2079
2082

2088
1998.7

2007.7
2010.2

2085.4
Chlorite (mix 2300L) -0.08
Chlorite (mix 2250L) -0.14
Chlorite+Clay -0.36
Depth (m)
Aspectral -0.85
Auron “Blind” CoreScan Test

“Mineralised Zone” (MZ)

Stope Design

Scanned Drill Holes


P >2 g/t Au P >1 g/t Au P >0.5 g/t Au

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0

0.0
1 1 1
29 29 29
57 57 57
85 85 85
113 113 113
141 141 141
169 169 169
197 197 197
225 225 225
253 253 253
281 281 281
309 309 309
337 337 337
365 365 365
393 393 393
421 421 421
449 449 449
477 477 477
505 505 505
Tanami Discriminant Analysis

533 533 533


561 561 561
589 589 589
617 617 617
645 645 645
673 673 673
701 701 701

Depth
729 729 729
757 757 757
785 785 785
813 813 813
841 841 841
869 869 869
897 897 897
925 925 925
953 953 953
981 981 981
1009 1009 1009
1037 1037 1037
1065 1065 1065
1093 1093 1093
1121 1121 1121
1149 1149 1149
1177 1177 1177
1205 1205 1205
1233 1233 1233
1261 1261 1261
1289 1289 1289
1317 1317 1317
1345 1345 1345
1373 1373 1373
Pilbara
Pilbara

Drill Log Au Assay

True Colour “Black Shale” Sericite Chlorite


CoreScan Factor Analysis

Factor 1 Factor 2 Factor 3 Factor 4


Aspectral 0.143 Chlorite-Sericite 0.519 Sulphides 0.542 Chlorite wavelength position 0.391
Black Shale clasts 0.136 Chlorite 0.482 Au Assay 0.542 Sericite 0.164
Aspectral/Silicification slope 0.126 Fe slope 0.125 Sericite 0.071 RQD Avg 0.159
Kaolinite 0.122 Breaks Avg 0.092 Chlorite-Aspectral 0.045 Fe slope 0.140
Chlorite-Aspectral 0.118 Sericite crystallinity 0.052 Sericite-Aspectral 0.025 Sericite crystallinity 0.115
Sericite-Aspectral 0.096 Chlorite-Aspectral 0.045 Sericite crystallinity 0.022 Sericite wavelength position 0.051
Breaks Avg 0.050 Roughness Avg 0.042 Chlorite-Sericite 0.021 Sericite-Aspectral 0.002
Montmorillonite 0.028 Sulphides 0.032 Aspectral/Silicification slope 0.020 Fe-oxides -0.014
Roughness Avg 0.024 Black Shale clasts 0.028 Kaolinite 0.016 Aspectral -0.042
Au Assay 0.021 Kaolinite 0.020 Breaks Avg 0.016 Aspectral/Silicification slope -0.043
RQD Avg 0.005 Montmorillonite 0.011 Roughness Avg 0.010 Au Assay -0.053
Quartz/Quartzite -0.001 Aspectral/Silicification slope 0.003 RQD Avg 0.002 Sulphides -0.054
Sulphides -0.002 Fe-oxides -0.031 Montmorillonite 0.002 Chlorite -0.062
Chlorite -0.036 Quartz/Quartzite -0.037 Fe slope -0.010 Chlorite-Sericite -0.071
Chlorite-Sericite -0.057 Au Assay -0.038 Quartz/Quartzite -0.010 Black Shale clasts -0.103
Fe-oxides -0.082 RQD Avg -0.039 Fe-oxides -0.029 Chlorite-Aspectral -0.116
Sericite wavelength position -0.095 Chlorite wavelength position -0.045 Black Shale clasts -0.031 Quartz/Quartzite -0.133
Sericite crystallinity -0.166 Sericite wavelength position -0.064 Aspectral -0.034 Roughness Avg -0.191
Sericite -0.176 Sericite-Aspectral -0.067 Chlorite -0.038 Montmorillonite -0.197
Chlorite wavelength position -0.189 Aspectral -0.068 Chlorite wavelength position -0.079 Breaks Avg -0.248
Fe slope -0.208 Sericite -0.077 Sericite wavelength position -0.080 Kaolinite -0.312

Matrix vs. Clasts Beds Mineralisation Rock Quality


Nevada: Long Canyon, Gold Quarry & Fence
Long Canyon: Carbonate

LC0 LC1 LC2


-- -- -- -- 0.144 0.001
Wavelength:
-- 0.002 -- -- -- 0.185 --

LC0: -- 0.096 -- LC3 -- -- 0.038


No Carbonate 0.057 ? ? ? 0.192 0.356
LC4
0.212 -- -- -- -- --
LC1 - LC3:
Long wavelength Calcite --
LC5
-- -- -- --
LC6 -- 0.107 -- LC7--
LC4 - LC5:
KI
Short wave length Dolomite -- -- -- ? ?

? 0.104 -- 0.104 Oz/t Au


LC6 - LC7: LC0 LC1 LC2
LC0 LC1
LC1 LC2
Originally dolomitic and over-printed LC0 LC2

by calcite associated with late veins.


LC3
LC3
LC3

LC4
LC4
LC4
LC5
LC5
LC5
LC6 LC7
LC6
LC6 LC7
LC7
KI
KI KI

Carbonate Wavelength
Long Canyon: Carbonate

LC0 LC1 LC2


-- -- -- -- 0.144 0.001
Crystallinity:
-- 0.002 -- -- -- 0.185 --
It is proposed that higher crystallinity may represent re- LC3 --
-- 0.096 -- -- 0.038
mobilized carbonate.
0.057 ? ? ? 0.192 0.356
The relationship between carbonate crystallinity and gold
LC4
mineralisation is unclear from these samples. But could reveal 0.212 -- -- -- -- --
important patterns at a broader scale.
LC5
-- -- -- -- --
Unmineralised samples can have either high or low carbonate LC6 -- 0.107 LC7--
--
crystallinity.
KI
-- -- -- ? ?

? 0.104 -- 0.104 Oz/t Au


LC0 LC1 LC2
LC0 LC1
LC0 LC1
LC1 LC2
LC2
LC0 LC2

LC3
LC3
LC3
LC3

LC4
LC4
LC4
LC4
LC5
LC5
LC5
LC5
LC6 LC7
LC6
LC6 LC7
LC7
LC6 LC7
KI
KI
KI KI

Carbonate Crystallinity
Long Canyon: Carbonate

Carbonate Crystallinity Core Photography Carbonate Wavelength

LC2

LC4

LC5

LC7
Long Canyon: Dickite

LC0 LC1 LC2


-- -- -- -- 0.144 0.001

-- 0.002 -- -- -- 0.185 --

-- 0.096 -- LC3-- -- 0.038

0.057 ? ? ? 0.192 0.356


LC4
0.212 -- -- -- -- --

LC5
-- -- -- -- --
LC6 -- 0.107 -- LC7
--
KI
-- -- -- ? ?

? 0.104 -- 0.104
LC0 LC1 LC2 Oz/t Au

LC0 LC1 LC2 LC0 LC1 LC2

LC3

LC3 LC3

LC4

LC4 LC4
LC5

LC5 LC5
LC6 LC7

LC6 LC7 LC6 KI LC7

KI KI

Kaolinite Dickite
Carlin

Carbonate
Lithology Controls: QCR-2962

True Colour Dickite Kaolinite Carbonate Crystallinity Carbonate Wavelength Gold Assay 0.1oz/t
Rodeo Creek
Popovich

Spectral character of the Rodeo Creek and Popovich formations are very different. Dickite and Kaolinite co-exist in
Rc but are absent in Dp.

Best grades in Popovich are associated with carbonate (long wavelength calcite).

Carbonate in Rc is rare and tends to be Mg-Dolomite.


Gold Quarry Factor Analysis (Popovich)

Dp Factor 1 Dp Factor 2 Dp Factor 3 Dp Factor 4 Dp Factor 5


Carbonate Fe-Slope 0.90 Aspectral 0.76 Chlorite 0.70 Sericite 0.95 Carbonaceous Shale 0.51
Carbonate Wevelength 0.85 Chlorite 0.37 Carbonate Crystallinity 0.24 Montmorillonite 0.57 Chlorite 0.29
Carbonate Crystallinity 0.76 Carbonate Crystallinity 0.35 Illite-NH4 0.17 Carbonate Wevelength 0.29 Dickite 0.23
Aspectral 0.29 Carbonate 0.29 Carbonaceous Shale 0.04 Dickite 0.15 Gypsum 0.14
Carbonate 0.22 Dickite 0.28 Carbonate Wevelength 0.03 Carbonate 0.12 Montmorillonite 0.12
Gypsum 0.19 Kaolinite 0.09 Gypsum 0.02 Chlorite 0.10 Kaolinite 0.10
Chlorite 0.09 Illite-NH4 0.06 Feox 0.02 Kaolinite 0.01 Feox 0.06
Dickite 0.06 Carbonate Wevelength 0.03 Montmorillonite 0.00 Carbonate Fe-Slope -0.02 Sericite 0.06
Montmorillonite 0.05 Sericite 0.02 Sericite -0.05 Illite-NH4 -0.04 Carbonate Wevelength 0.01
Kaolinite 0.03 Carbonate Fe-Slope -0.09 Carbonate -0.06 Carbonate Crystallinity -0.12 Carbonate Crystallinity -0.15
Illite-NH4 0.03 Carbonaceous Shale -0.11 Aspectral -0.20 Gypsum -0.17 Carbonate Fe-Slope -0.19
Sericite 0.00 Montmorillonite -0.69 Carbonate Fe-Slope -0.27 Feox -0.22 Aspectral -0.22
Carbonaceous Shale -0.31 Feox -0.73 Dickite -0.71 Aspectral -0.29 Illite-NH4 -0.75
Feox -0.39 Gypsum -0.80 Kaolinite -0.73 Carbonaceous Shale -0.74 Carbonate -0.81

1.00
0.80
Correlation Coef. with Au

0.52 0.56
0.60
0.37
0.40
0.20 0.08 0.11
0.00
-0.20 -0.03 -0.05
-0.18 -0.13
-0.40 -0.30
-0.38 -0.41 -0.34
-0.60 -0.48 -0.44
-0.54 -0.53
-0.80 -0.62 -0.68
-1.00
Dickite

Feox
Carbonate

Illite-NH4

Montmorillonite
Aspectral

Sericite
Chlorite_1

Kaolinite

DP Factor 4
Carbonate Crystallinity
Gypsum

Carbonaceous

DP Factor 1

DP Factor 2

DP Factor 3

DP Factor 5
Carbonate Fe-Slope
Carbonate Wevelength
Gold Quarry Factor Analysis Vectors (Popovich)

0.5

0.4
Au Grade (oz/t)

0.3

0.2

0.1

0.0025
Carbonate Crystallinity

0.002
0.0015
0.001
0.0005
0

5
4
(Factor 1 + Factor 2) *-1

3
2
1
0
-1
-2
-3
Leeville (Fence)
Fence Spectral Products & Au

Aspectral Gold Grade (oz/t)

True Colour Carbonaceous Aspectral


World View 3
World View 3

• Satellite Launch August 13, 2014

• Commercially Specifications:
• panchromatic imagery of 0.31 m resolution,
• 8 Band multispectral imagery with 1.24 m resolution,
• 8 Band shortwave infrared imagery at 7.4m (raw 3.7 m) resolution
• CAVIS (Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow) data at 30 m (98 ft) resolution.

• Currently in Beta Release form. Newmont in at ground level for


Mining Applications test for $100k – GES funded

• Newmont Test
• Established Site Calibration – Battle Mountain (Kalgoorlie)
• Greenfields Tests – Peru / Ethiopia
• Stretch Test – Long Canyon
Battle Mountain – WorldView - 3

1km

Longs Peak

Contention Pit

ASTER – 30m SWIR – Muscovite Index Wv3 – 7.5m SWIR – Muscovite Index Wv3 – 3.75m SWIR – Muscovite Index
Soares

Illari

1500m

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