Koena Saha 1501283

Partha kalita 1501295

Pragya Singh 1501298
Pratik Pegu 1501300
Rajani Kumari 1501304

Guide- Prof. G. Udgata

What is rubber?
Natural rubber, also called India rubber or caoutchouc, as
initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic
compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic
compounds, plus water. Thailand and Indonesia are two of the
leading rubber producers. Forms of polyisoprene that are used as
natural rubbers are classified as elastomers.
Currently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of
the latex from the rubber tree or others. The latex is a sticky,
milky colloid drawn off by making incisions in the bark and
collecting the fluid in vessels in a process called "tapping".
The latex then is refined into rubber ready for commercial
processing. In major areas, latex is allowed to coagulate in the
collection cup. The coagulated lumps are collected and processed
into dry forms for marketing

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Need for replacement
Growth of cement leads to greater production of CO2 gas which
is one of the major causes of GLOBAL WARMING

Excavation of sand and stones from river banks is one of the

major reasons for FLOODS

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Emission of pollutants
globally

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 Author Date of Project
publication

M.M. REDA TAHA 2008 Examination of mechanical and fracture of

rubber concrete

CHAO WANG 2014 STUDY OF THE FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF PLAIN

AND RUBBERIZED CONCRETE

M.S.H. MOHD. SANI, 2012 Study the compressive strength of Waste

F MUFTAH Rubber Tube Tire(WRTT) as reinforced bar
replacements in concrete
G. NAGESH KUMAR 2014 To study durability, compressive, split
tensile and flexural strength of tyre
waste as aggregate in concrete.

ISHTIAQ ALAM 2016 Investigation the compressive strength,

tensile
strength and ductility when rubber
was added to
concrete as coarse aggregate.

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 AUTHOR DATE OF PROJECT
PUBLICATION

LIANG HE ET AL. 2016 Study the usefulness of rubber surface

modification to
enhance the compressive and impact
strength of
rubber cement concrete
H. A. TOUTANJI 1995 Study the effect of the replacement of
mineral coarse aggregate by rubber tire
aggregate of maximum size of 12.7mm by 25%
, 50%, 75% and l00% by volume of mineral
aggregate.

CHENG BING LIU NING 2014 Study the effect of recycled rubber
powder (RRP) on cure characteristics,
tensile properties and swelling behavior
of natural rubber (NR) compounds of
concentration range of 0 to 50 phr.

YUE LI AND YAQIANG LI 2017 Study on performance of rubber particle

and steel fiber composite toughening
concrete
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 AUTHOR DATE OF PROJECT
PUBLICATION

ESHMAIEL GANJIAN ET AL 2008 Study the engineering properties of

two mixture prepared by 5%, 7.5%, and I0%
by weight of coarse aggregate replaced by
chipped tyre rubber and 5%
,7.5%, and 10% by weight of cement
replaced by rubber powder .

CLAY NAITO ET AL 2014 Assessment of mechanical characteristics

of concrete
fabricated with Portland cement and
shredded rubber aggregate.

CAMILLE A. ISSA 2012 Study the compressive 0% to 100%

GEORGE SALEM replacement of crushed sand by rubber
crumb

R. THIRUPPATHI 2013 Study the effect of the replacement of

mineral coarse
aggregate by rubber tire aggregate by I0%,
20%, 30% and 40% respectively by mass

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H.Ismail et al(2001) studied the effect of recycled rubber powder(RRP)
on cure characteristics, tensile properties and swelling behaviour of
natural rubber (NR) compounds of concentration range of 0 to 50 phr.
By the test results of Cure characteristics usimg a onsant Moving Die
Rheometer (MDR2000), tensile test, Scanning electron microscopy,the
tensile strength increases to maximum at 10phr of rubber powder. With
the increase in recycled rubber powder loading in natural water
compounds the cure characteristics such as scorch time and cure time
decrease, but the swelling resistance tensile modulus both increases.

Trilok Gupta et al(2017) studied the effects the partial replacement

of fine aggregates with rubber ash (0,5,10,15,20%) and hybrid rubber
waste (0,5,10,15,20 and 25% of rubber fibre with 10% constant rubber
ash) on the response of concrete to impact and fatigue loading by
studying the test results of flexural loading.flexural strength
decreases with increase in replacement of rubber ash.Flexure strength
decreases from 3.2 to 2.8N/mm2 with relacement of fine aggregates by
20% of rubber ash but it increases from 3.2 to 3.6N/mm2 when replaced
by 10% rubber ash and 25% rubber fibre.By mixing rubber ash and rubber
fibre in concrete increases the void content of concrete.

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Agampodi S.M Mendis(2016) studied the determination of the strength of CRC
regardless of its mix proportion and workability. By the results of compressive
test, test for modulus of elasticity, tensile strength test, they showed that
extra cement is needed to check the reduced strength caused by the introduction
of rubber which increases the cost of concrete approx. by 5-12% higher than the
normal concrete of comparable strength.

R Bharathi Murugan et al.(2015) replaced the fine aggregates by the fine rubber
particles from 5% to 25% by volume in different concrete mix. They conducted
compressive strength test and modulus of elasticity test and conducted that there
was a decrement in the compessive stength with increment of rubber content in the
concrete.They also found that Modulus of Elasticity of concrete containing rubber
particles were lower than normal concrete but they exhibited large displacement
and deformation.

Neil N. Eldin & Ahmed B. Senouci(1993) studied the effects od rubber crumb on
concrete. This study included replacement of aggregates by rubber crumbs on
concrete. It included replacement of aggregates by rubber crumbs in different
proportions(25% to 100% by volume).They conducted compressive strength test to
evaluate the effect of rubber crumbs on concrete strength. A noticable drop of
upto 85% was observed in compressive strength test.they also reported that rubber
containing concrete did not exhibit brittle failure under compression.

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Zaher K. Khatib and Fouad M. Bayomy(1999) studied the replacement of 5% to 100%
of fine aggregates by fine rubber crumbs and coarse aggregate by coarse tire
chips, seperatly in the first and second batch and then together in the third
batch.They cnducted tests like sieve analysis of rubber particles, compressive
strengthtest and flexural strength test and concluded that workability of RPCC
mixture is dependent on on the rubber content of the mix and based on the mix
workability.They observed that there was a systamatic decrease in strength with
increase of rubber content and a conclusion was drawn that rubber content should
not exceed 20% of the aggregate volume due to severe reduction in strength.

M M Reda Teha et al. (2008) examined the mechanical and frature properties of
rubber concrete and reported that while compressive strength of rubber concrete
was reduced as rubber particle incresed, enchancements in the impact resistance
and fracture thoughness were observed. Larger were size of tire rubber particles
,lower was the compressive strenght of rubber concrete, it was concluded that
the choice of optimal replacement ratio of tire rubber particle can yield
concrete with desirable strenghth and fracture toughness criteria for different
application .use of tire rubber particles as aggregate in concrete showed
promising results in producing a new type of concrete that has enhanced energy
absorpation and fracture criteria.

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Chao Wang et al.(2011) studied the figure propertiesz of pla and rubberized
concrete and stated that additaion of rubber particle in concrete can improve
the fatigue test. The addition of rubber into concrete resut in higher
resilience ,durability and deformation ability. Also with the addition of rubber
particles in concrete,flexibility of concrete improved . existence of rubber
particle can reduce stress concentration at the crack tips. The average flexural
strenght of rubberized concrte is 12.4% lower than that of plane concrete.

S.H Mohd. Sani, f.Muftah(2012) studied the assesment on compressive strenght of

watse rubber tube tire as rainforced bar replacement in concrete. WRTT fiber was
cut to a size of 5cm in lenght, 0.5 cm in breadth and 0.1cm in thickness. All
concrete cubes were cured and tested for compressive strenght at 7 and 28 days
.every mix showed low compressive strenght compared to the control mix .WRTT
fiber was not used to replace concrete ingredient. It was just added according
to precentage propration.concrete was incresed WRTT fiber was classified as low
workability concrete.it is because WRTT fiber is capable to seprate water
content fro concrete paste.

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Yue li and Yaqiang(2017). reported that the compressive strenght,
flexural strenght and elastic modulas tester result of concrte showed
reduction with adddition of 5% rubber particles .but witj addition of
0.9% steel fibers the compressive strength and eleastic modules of
concrete slightly increses but the flexural strenght increses
signficantly. When both rubber particle and steel fiber are used the
diffculties and energy dissipation capacity are enchacing siginficantly
and compressive strenght and moduals of elasticity also improved .

Eshmaiel Ganjian et al(2008). studied that the engineering properties of

two mixture prepared by 5%,7.5%, and 10% by weight of course aggrigate
replaced by chipped tyer rubber and 5%, 7.5% and10 % by weight of cement
replaced by rubber powder. Copressive and tensile strenght test shows
better bondingh in concrte when megnesium oxychloride cement is used .
mix containing fine rubber crumbs result in reduction of elastic modules
which indicate higher flexibility. All the result indicate increse in
toughness .impact resistance and plastic deformation with increases in
rubber chips precent.it was observeb from the test performed that crumb
rubber imparted more sterngth to concrte than rubber tyer chips.

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Clay Naito et al.(2014) assessed the mechanical characteristices of
concrete fabricated with portland cement and shredded rubber aggrigate.
They conducted compressive strenght test ans splitting tensile strenght
test . they also calculated the modules of rupture . they concluded that
the addition of crumb rubber results in a decerse in unit weight,
compressive strenght and elastic modulas. They also observed the modulus
was not sensitive to the replacement of 40% rubber aggrigate.

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Using waste tyre rubber in concrete

• The disposal of waste or worn out tyre has become a 1 2

global issue
• Tyres are potential fire hazards as well as breeding
ground for mosquitoes, as stagnant water stays locked
in this tyres
• Rubber from waste is one of the blooming industries yet 3 4

to explored for its full potential

5 6

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MATERIALS REQUIRED
• Cement
• Aggregates
• Coarse aggregate
• Fine aggregate
• Water
• Crumb rubber

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Physical Properties of
coarse aggregates
Sl no. Particulars Test Results
1 Specific Gravity 2.60
2 Fineness modulus 6.2
3 Water absorption 0.4%

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Sl no. Particulars Test Result
1 Specific gravity 2.60
2 Fineness modulus 2.45
3 Water absorption 0.88%

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W1- weight of empty flask
W2- weight of flask+ cement
W3- weight of flask+ cement+
kerosene
W4- weight of flask+ kerosene

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M1= Mass of empty bottle
M2= Mass of bottle + Rubber
M3= Mass of bottle + Rubber + Water
M4= Mass of bottle + Water

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 9 cubes of 150x150 mm size was casted

• 3 cubes set for 7 day testing

• 3 cubes for 21 day test(underway)
• 3 cubes for 28 day test(underway)

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 Uniform mixing of concrete should be ensured
 Coarse aggregate is weighed as per design mix
 Sand is weighed and poured in pan mixer
 While dry mix is in process, rubber powder is poured
 Pan mixer I switched off and water is poured
 Mixing continues again and homogenous mix is immediately measured
for slump and placed in moulds as per procedure

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Slump test

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Casting and curing of cube specimens

 The steel cubes moulds were lubricated and tightened

 The materials were first dry mixed with pan pan mixer
 Water was mixed to prepare final mortar mix
 Slump test conducted to measure degree of workability of
mix
 The top surface was finished using trowel
 Vibrating table was used for compaction
 The steel cube moulds were safely demoulded after 24 hrs
causing no damage to the specimen

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 COMPRESSIVE TESTS
The compressive strength development at various curing ages for all
types of concrete are to be calculated

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 Compressive strength analysis after 7 days
Sl % of fine aggregates Wt (Kg) Area (cm2) Peak load Stress Avg
no. replaced by rubber (KN) Peak
(Mpa)
1 0% 8.75 225.00 851.40 37.86 38.04

2 8.76 225.00 860.20 38.22

3 5% 8.60 225.00 840.80 37.36 36.82

4 8.47 225.00 816.70 36.27

5 10% 8.14 225.00 520.00 23.11 23.56

6 8.24 225.00 540.00 24.00

7 15% 8.16 225.00 491.40 21.84 21.01

8 8.11 225.00 454.00 20.17
9 20% 8.15 225.00 386.50 17.17 17.55

10 8.01 225.00 403.60 17.93

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 Compressive strength Vs Rubber %
45

40
Compressive strength(KN/m2)

35

30

25

20

15

10

0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Rubber Percentage

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