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STOMACH
•
1) the lesser curvature by : the left gastric artery, a branch of the download trunk and the
right gastric artery , a
2) Along the greater curvature . It is supplied by the right gastroepiploic artery , a branch of
the gastroduodenal
3) Fundus is supplied by 5 to 7 short gastric arteries , which are also branch of the splenic
artery .
The vein of the stomach drain into the portal , superior mesenteric and splenic vein .
Right and left gastric vein drain in the portal vein . Right gastroepiploic ends in superior
mesenteric vein ; while
1) Vasomotor.
2) Motor to the spincter , but inhibitory to the rest of the
gastric musculature.
3) The chief pathway for pain sensation from the stomach.
INTERIOR OF STOMACH
• The stomach has to be opened to see it’s internal structures
:
a) MUCOSA of on empty stomach is through into fold
termed as gastric rutas.
IT surface contain numerous small depressions called
gastric pits for gastric glands.
b) SUBMUCOUSA COAT is made up of connective tissue,
afternoon and nerve plexus.
c) MUSCLE COAT is arranged as under.
# LONGITUDINAL FIBERS are most superficial ,
mainly Alon the curvature.
# CIRCULAR FIBERS encircle the body and are
thickened a pylorus to from pyloric spincter
# The deepest layer consist of OBLIQUE FIBERS
which loop over the cardiac notch.
# SEROUS COAT consist of peritoneal covering.
FUNCTION OF STOMACH
• The stomach acts primarily as a reservoir of food it also acts as a mixer of food.
• By its peristaltic movement it soften and mixed with the gastric juice .
• The gastric glands produce the gastric juice which contain enzymes that play an important role in
digestion of food.
• The gastric gland also produce HCL which destroy many organism present in food and drink .
• The lining cells of the stomach produce abundant mucus which protect the gastric mucosa against the
corrosive action of HCL.
• Some substance like alcohol , water , salt , and a few drugs and absorbed in the stomach
• Stomach produces the “ intrinsic factor” of castle which help in the absorption of Vitamin B12.
HISTOLOGY OF STOMACH
• At the cardiac end of stomach ,the stratified epithelium of
oesophagus abruptly change to simple columnar epithelium of
stomach
1 ). CARDIAC END
# MUCOUS MEMBRANE :-
The epithelium is simple columnar with small tubular gland.
# SUBMUCOSA :-
It consist of loose connectivity tissue with meissner’s
plexus.
# MUSCULARIS EXTERNA :-
It is made up of outer longitudinal & inner circular layer
including the myenteric plexus of nerve or Aurbach ‘s plexus.
# SEROSA :-
. It is lined by single layer of squamous cell
2. FUNDUS & BODY OF STOMACH
• MUCOUS MEMBRANE :-
It contain tall simple tubular gastric gland upper 1/3rd is conducting while lower 2/3rd is
secretory .
MUSCULARIES MUCOSAE & SUBMUCOSA are same .
MUSCULARIS EXTERNA:-
It contain an additional inner most oblique additional oblique coat of muscle fibre.
SEROSA :-
It is same as cardic end .
PYLORIC PART
MUCOUS MEMBRANE:-
There are pyloric gland which consist of badal 1/3rd as mucus secretory component and
upper 2/3rd as conducting part
MUSCULARIS MUCOSAois made of two layer of fiber .
SUBMUCOSA is same as in cardic end .
MUSCULARIS externa comprises thich layer of circular fiber forming the pyloric sphincter
.
CLINICAL ANATOMY
• GASTRIC PAIN :- It is felt in epigastrium because the stomach is supplied from segment T6 to T9 of the
spinal cord which also supply the upper part of abdominal wall . Pain is produced either by spasm of muscle ,
or by over descension . Ulcer pain is attributed to local spasm due to irritation .
• PEPTIC ULCER :- It can occur in the site of pepsin &hydrochloric acid , namely the stomach ,first part of
duodenum , lower end of esophagus and Meckel’s diverticulum . It is common in blood group “O” .
• DYSPEPSIA :- Another name for stomach upset or indigestion . It may be caused by almost any benign or
serious condition that affect the stomach .
• GASTRITIS :- InInflammation of stomach , often causing nausea or pain . It can be caused by alcohol , certain
medication or other factor .
• STOMACH BLEEDING :- Gastritis , ulcers , or gastric cancers may bleed . Seeing blood or black material in
vomit or stool is usually a medical emergency .
• GASTROESOPHAGEAL REFLUX : - Stomach contents , including acid ,can travel backward up the
esophagus. There may be no symptom ,or reflux may cause heartburn or coughing.
Gastric ulcer