Event Handling and Layout

Managers

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Java
 Contents

1 The Delegation Event Model

2 Event types
3 Low level events
4 Semantic events
5 EventObject
6 Listeners
7 Listeners Interfaces corresponding to each Event object
8 Registering the listener with the source
9 What are we going to look at?
10 ActionListener and ActionEvent
11 WindowListener and WindowEvent

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 Contents

12 Adapters
13 WindowAdapter
14 ItemListener and ItemEvent
15 MouseListener and MouseEvent
16 Layout Manager Classes
17 FlowLayout
18 Constructors and Methods
19 BorderLayout
20 Constructors and Methods
21 GridLayout
22 Constructors and Methods
23 Null Layout Manager
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 Know
• How the Delegation event model works
• Listeners and Adapter classes
• Layout Managers

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 Be able to
• Implement Listeners and Adapter classes
• Use Layout Managers effectively

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 I must register
Anu myself as a club
member so that
when an event
happens, the club
informs me.

Club where sports event happen

I run Raj

Inter Club
Annual Sports
Sports
Event
I run Event

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Java
 Anu
Annual event
happening .
Please run.

Sports club where sports event happen

I run Raj

Inter Club
Annual Sports
Sports
Event
I run Event

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 Java terminology
Anu

Listeners objects

Source object
Raj Event object

Inter Club
Annual Sports
Sports
Event
Event

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Anu

Register me. I Inviting members who

have can run.(Only objects
implemented which implements
Running Running (run()
method))
Source has ‘list’ of athletes objects
Raj (Anu, Raj). Source will ensure that
they have run() method. When event
happens source will call anu.run()
and raj.run()

Java way of handling events Annual Sports

Event
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 The Delegation Event Model
1. Registers itself to receive events

Source(Ex. JButton)

2. Generates events
(user clicks)

Event Listener (Ex. JFrame)

object

3. Calls a method on the

Listener and sends event object

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 Event types
• Low level events
• Examples:
• Pressing keyboard buttons
• Mouse clicks
• Semantic events:
• Examples:
• Button click
• Selecting an item in the list

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 Low level events
• MouseEvent
• KeyEvent

• Generated by all the components.

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 Semantic events
• JButton, JMenuItem, JRadioButton,
JCheckbox, JTextField:
java.awt.event.ActionEvent
• JTextField ,JTextArea, JPasswordField:
java.awt.event.InputMethodEvent
• JTabbedPane
javax.swing.event.ChangeEvent
• JFrame:
java.awt.event.WindowEvent
• JCombo:
java.awt.event.ItemEvent
• JList:
javax.swing.event.ListSelectionEvent

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 EventObject
•Root class for all event objects
•Object getSource()

A method in EventObject class.

Which returns us the source object on which the
Event initially occurred.

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 Listeners
• XxxListener is an interface any source would
implement if it is interested in a particular
Xxxevent.
• A source generating an XxxEvent would allow
only those components to register with it who
have implemented XxxListener.
• XxxListener will have one or more methods
which sources interested in the vent would
implement.
• When event occurs the source will call the
method of XxxListener for all the components
who have registered with it.
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Java
 Listeners Interfaces
corresponding to each Event
object java.awt.event

• ActionEvent ActionListener
• InputMethodEvent InputMethodListener
• ChangeEvent ChangeListener
• WindowEvent WindowListener
• ItemEvent ItemListener
• ListSelectionEvent ListSelectionListener

javax.swing.event
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Registering the listener with
the source

source.addXxxListener(XxxListener t)
where
source is any Component
Xxx: could be any one of the Listener
mentioned in the previous slide

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What are we going to look at?

We will look at only the below

listed Events. The others are very
similar. You can get all the
information about Listener
methods and Event methods from
the API.

1.ActionListener
2.WindowListener
3.ItemListener
4.MouseListener
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Java
 ActionListener and
ActionEvent
• Source that generates ActionEvent:
• Button object is clicked
• MenuItem object is selected
• List object is double clicked
• Listener: ActionListener
• public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e)
• Useful ActionEvent method:
• public String getActionCommand()

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Example

On clicking
2. Red - the panel
becomes Red.
3. Green - the panel
becomes Green
4. Blue - the panel
becomes Blue.

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import java.awt.Color;
public class ColorFrame extends JFrame
implements ActionListener{
JPanel panel =new JPanel();
public ColorFrame (){
super("Simple Frame With Color Button");
setSize(300,300);
setVisible(true);
JButton red=new JButton("Red");
JButton green=new JButton("Green");
JButton blue=new JButton("Blue");

Example 1 Creating buttons 21

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 Adding buttons to the
panel.add(red); panel and panel to the
panel.add(blue); frame.
panel.add(green);
getContentPane().add(panel);

red.addActionListener(this);
green.addActionListener(this);
blue.addActionListener(this);

} Register the current object with the buttons

public void actionPerformed(
ActionEvent e){
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("Red"))
panel.setBackground(Color.red); 22
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if(e.getActionCommand().equals("Green"))
panel.setBackground(Color.green);
if(e.getActionCommand().equals("Blue"))
panel.setBackground(Color.blue);
}
public static void main(String str[]){
new ColorFrame();
}
}

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 If you don’t mind can we handle the frame
close event. I am tried of pressing control-C.

Sure!

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WindowListener and WindowEvent
• Source And Event: Frame close,open, minimize,
maximize
• Listener: WindowListener
void windowClosing(WindowEvent e)
void windowClosed(WindowEvent e)
void windowOpened(WindowEvent e)
void windowDeiconified(WindowEvent e)
void windowIconified(WindowEvent e)
void windowActivated(WindowEvent e)
void windowDeactivated(WindowEvent e) 25
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 You mean I will have to implement 7 methods
to handle window closing event ! I think I am
ok with control-C.

Surely not. Java creators

knew about the
programmer’s reaction to
this. They created Adapter
classes for rescue.

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 Adapters
•Adapter classes are useful when we want to
override only methods we are interested in.
•Adapter classes implement the the listener
interfaces and provide empty implementation
for all the methods defined in the interface.

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 WindowAdapter
• Gives empty implementation for all
WindowListener interface methods.

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 I don’t understand how Adapters
will help. My frame class already
extends Frame. So my frame class
cannot inherit from Adapter – no
MULTIPLE INHERITANCE in Java.

If we implement using WindowListener, the

source and the listener both are the same
object. With Adapters, we delegate the event
handling to WindowAdapter object. So we
don’t have to inherit from Adapter class.
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//import statements
public class ColorFrame extends Frame
implements ActionListener{
WindowAdapter win;
public ColorFrame(){
super("Simple Frame With Menu");
…
win= new WindowAdapter(){
Example 2

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public void windowClosing(WindowEvent
e){
System.exit(0);
}};
this.addWindowListener(win); }
//other methods
public static void main(String
str[]){ new ColorFrame();}
}
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 Oh it has become so incredibly easy
and the code also looks very
professional. I use to hate inner class
but I think now I have started liking it.

Having said all this about adapters

just remember that we have
Adapter classes only for those
Listener interfaces which have
more than one method. (It makes
perfect sense, right!)

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 ItemListener and ItemEvent
• Source And Event: Checkbox or a List item is
clicked or a Choice is selected or deselected.
• Listener: ItemListener
public void
itemStateChanged(ItemEvent e)
• Interesting ItemEvent method
int getStateChange()
ItemEvent.SELECTED
ItemEvent.DESELECTED

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import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
import javax.swing.*;
public class ColorAWT extends JFrame
implements ItemListener{
JComboBox colors;
JPanel panel= new JPanel();
ColorAWT() {
super("Item listener");
Adding items into
colors=new JComboBox(); the combo box
colors.addItem("Red");
Example 3
colors.addItem("Green");
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colors.addItem("Blue");
panel.add(colors);
getContentPane().add(panel);
setSize(200,200);
setVisible(true);
colors.addItemListener(this);}

public void itemStateChanged(ItemEvent ie)

{
String
color=(String)colors.getSelectedItem();
if(color.equals("Red"))
panel.setBackground(Color.RED);
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else if(color.equals("Green"))
panel.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
else
panel.setBackground(Color.BLUE);

public static void main(String args[]){

new ColorAWT (); }
}

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Java
MouseListener and MouseEvent
• Source and event: Mouse button pressed,
released etc.
• Listener: MouseListener
void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e)
void mouseEntered(MouseEvent e)
void mouseExited(MouseEvent e)
void mousePressed(MouseEvent e)
void mouseReleased(MouseEvent e)
• MouseEvent methods:
public int getX() ,public int getY() 37
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 We certainly can use MouseAdapter
instead of typing this long list of methods
of MouseListerner, right!

Exactly!
Lets us draw lines on the
frame. Each click of the
mouse will determine the
start point and the end point
of the line. 38
Java
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
Import javax.swing.*;

public class DrawLines extends JFrame {

int x1=0;
int y1=0;
int x2,y2;
boolean firstPoint=true;
DrawLines() {
super("Mouse Listener");
setSize(600,600);
setVisible(true); Example 4
setBackground(Color.white);
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MouseAdapter ma= new MouseAdapter(){
public void mousePressed(MouseEvent me)
{
if(firstPoint)
{ x1=me.getX();y1=me.getY()
;
firstPoint=false; }
x2=me.getX();
y2=me.getY();
draw(); }};
this.addMouseListener(ma); 40
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void draw(){
Graphics g= getGraphics();
g.drawLine(x1,y1,x2,y2);
x1=x2; y1=y2; }
public static void main(String args[]) { new
DrawLines(); } }

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 Layout Manager Classes
• FlowLayout: JApplet and JPanel have this as
default.
• BorderLayout: JFrame has this as default.
• GridLayout
• CardLayout
• void setLayout(LayoutManager l) where
LayoutManager is a super class for all the
above listed Layout Managers.

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 FlowLayout
• A flow layout arranges components one after
another from left to right, top to bottom. The flow
direction can also be changed to right to left.
• The alignment can be either left, right centered.
By default it is centered.
• All the examples for the applet that we have seen
so far arranges the components in the flow
layout.

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 Constructors and Methods
FlowLayout()
FlowLayout(int align)
FlowLayout(int align,int hgap,int vgap)
FlowLayout.CENTER
FlowLayout.LEFT
FlowLayout.RIGHT
Getters and setter for
alignment
hgap
Horizontal gap and Vertical gap
vgap

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 BorderLayout
• The border layout divides the containers area into
north, south, east, west and center.

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 Constructors and Methods
BorderLayout()
BorderLayout(int hgap, int vgap)

Setters and getters for

hgap and vgap

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import javax.swing.*; Example 5
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.*;
public class BorderExample extends JFrame
implements ActionListener{
JPanel colorPanel= new JPanel();
public static void main(String s[]){
new BorderExample ();}
BorderExample() {
JPanel buttonPanel= new JPanel();
colorPanel.setBackground(Color.white);

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setVisible(true);
setSize(300,100);
JButton red = new JButton("Red", new
ImageIcon("red.GIF"));
JButton green = new JButton("Green",new
ImageIcon("green.GIF"));
JButton blue = new JButton("Blue",new
ImageIcon("blue.GIF"));
buttonPanel.add(red);
buttonPanel.add(green);
buttonPanel.add(blue);

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getContentPane().add(buttonPanel,
BorderLayout.NORTH);
getContentPane().add(colorPanel,
BorderLayout.CENTER);

red.addActionListener(this);
green.addActionListener(this);
blue.addActionListener(this);
validate();
}
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public void actionPerformed(
ActionEvent e){
if
(e.getActionCommand().equals("Green"))
colorPanel.setBackground(Color.green);
else
if
(e.getActionCommand().equals("Blue"))
colorPanel.setBackground(Color.blue);
else
colorPanel.setBackground(Color.red);
validate();
}
} 50
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 GridLayout
• This layout manager lays out a container's
components in a rectangular grid specified by
rows and columns in the constructor.
• The entire area of the container is divided into
grid of equal sizes.

We change our Login

form that we created
in swing chapter to
proper format.
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Java
 Constructors and Methods
GridLayout()
GridLayout(int rows, int cols)
GridLayout(int rows, int cols,int hgap,
int vgap)
Setters and getters for
hgap,vgap, rows and columns

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3 rows and 2 columns:
GridLayout(3,2))

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import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
public class TestJFC extends JFrame {
public static void main(String s[]) {
new TestJFC();}
TestJFC() {
setVisible(true);
setSize(300,120);
JPanel p= new JPanel();
p.setBackground(Color.white);
p.setLayout(new GridLayout(3,2));
p.setBorder(BorderFactory.createMatteBo
rder(-1,-1,-1,-1,new
ImageIcon("bullet.gif"))); Example 6
p.add(new JLabel("Login")); 54
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JTextField login= new JTextField(10);
p.add(login);
p.add(new JLabel("Password"));
JPasswordField pass= new
JPasswordField(10);
p.add(pass);
String
roles[]={"Student","Teacher","HOD","Ma
nagement"};
p.add(new JLabel("Role"));
JComboBox role= new JComboBox(roles);
p.add(role);
getContentPane().add(p);
validate();}}
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 What if I want to layout components and I
have no layout managers that will layout
in the way I want.

There are many more layout

managers. But if you are not
happy with any, then you can
layout the components as you
wish by setting the layout
manager to null.
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 Null Layout Manager
• setLayoutManager(null);
Use setBounds() methods
• void setBounds(int x, int y,
int width, int height)
x - the new x-coordinate of this component
y - the new y-coordinate of this component
width - the new width of this component
height - the new height of this component

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import javax.swing.*;
public class BoundsDemo extends JFrame{
public BoundsDemo(){
super("Boundslayout");
setSize(350,200);
setVisible(true);
getContentPane().setLayout(null);
JLabel lLogin=new JLabel("Login:");
JTextField login = new JTextField(20);
JLabel lPassword=new
JLabel("Password:");
JPasswordField password = new
JPasswordField(20); Example 7
JButton b= new JButton("Submit");
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lLogin.setBounds(30,30,100,15);
login.setBounds(150,30,100,20);
lPassword.setBounds(30,80,100,20);
password.setBounds(150,80,100,20);
b.setBounds(150,150,100,20);

getContentPane().add(lLogin);
getContentPane().add(login);
getContentPane().add(lPassword);
getContentPane().add(password);
getContentPane().add(b);
repaint();
}
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public static void main(String str[]){
new BoundsDemo();
}
}

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