DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF

CHIMNEY OPENINGS

Guided by : Presented by:

Prof. (Dr.) Suvonkar Chakraborty Somnath Bhunia
Professor of Civil Engineering M.Tech(civil)
Techno India University Techno India University
 INTRODUCTION
Chimneys are used to emit the exhaust gases higher up in the atmosphere so that diffusion of
gases may take place. Chimneys may be constructed of steel, R.C.C or masonry. Steel chimneys
also known as steel stacks are ideally suited for process work where a short heat up period and
low thermal capacity are required. Reinforced concrete chimneys are more expensive than other
forms of construction up to about 45m height, but above this, they are more competitive. Above
65m height, they are more readily acceptable because of their flexibility of shape and flue
layouts, in addition to the absence of any limitation on size.
 TYPES OF CHIMNEY
On the basis of types of construction of the shaft, steel stacks are classified into two types
 Self-supporting Chimney : When the lateral forces (wind or seismic forces) are transmitted to
the foundation by the cantilever action of the chimney, then the chimney is known as self-
supporting chimney. The self-supporting chimney together with the foundation remains stable
under all working conditions without any additional support. The self-supporting chimneys are
made up to 10 m diameter and from 50 m to 100m in height
 Guyed Chimney : In high steel chimneys, the mild steel wire ropes or guys are attached to
transmit the lateral forces. Such steel chimneys are known as guyed steel chimneys. In guyed
steel chimneys, all the externally applied loads (wind, seismic force, etc.) are not totally carried
by the chimney shell. These attached guys or stays do share these applied loads. These guys or
stays ensure the stability of the guyed steel chimney
Self supporting chimney Guyed Chimney
CHIMNEY LINING
Lining is carried to the full height of the
stacks and is supported on steel angles
riveted to the inside of the stack. Lining
may be of bricks, concrete or sand
cement mixture.

The purpose for linings are :

 To protect chimney shell from heat.

 Act as protective cover hence

reducing corrosion.
 Maintain temperature of flue gas.
BREECH OPENING
The breech opening also known as flue opening
is provided for the entrance of flue gas. In the
self-supporting steel chimney the opening is kept
well above the base. The maximum width of the
breech opening should not be greater than 2/3rd of
the diameter of chimney.
The area of breech opening is kept about 20 %
of internal cross section area of chimney.
To compensate the material removed for making
the opening vertical reinforcing material provided
on the two sides. The reinforcement should be
extended above and below the opening to
distribute the loads on stack plates. The material
at top and bottom should be same as that on sides.
 THICKNESS OF STEEL CHIMNEY
• CHIMNEY SHELL: The minimum thickness of structural chimney shell in single or multiple
shell constructions shall be calculated thickness obtained from stress and deflection
considerations plus the corrosion allowance, but shall not be less than 1/500 of the height of
the outside diameter of chimney at the considered height.(IS-6533:1989 Part 2)

• CHIMNEY LINER: The minimum thickness of shell shall be not less than 6mm.the thickness
of liner shall be calculated thickness obtained from stress considerations plus corrosion
allowance.
LOADS ON CHIMNEY
Self-supporting steel chimney experience various loads in vertical and lateral direction. Main
loads acting on the chimney are
 Dead Loads (self weight + linings + ladders, platforms and other fittings)

 Live Load

 Wind Load

 Seismic Load

 Temperature Effect
 PERMISSIBLE STRESSES
The windward side of steel chimney is subjected to
tensile stress due to the combined effect of the wind and
weight of steel chimney. The backward side of steel
chimney is subjected to compressive stress due to the
combined effect of the wind, weight of steel chimney and
the weight of lining.

Inorder to prevent the flattening of the steel plates on the

tension side, and buckling of the steel plates on
compression side, the permissible stress in compression
on gross-sectional area is adopted less than the
permissible stress in tension on the net sectional area. The
permissible stresses in steel chimney in axial tension,
shear and bearing shall be adopted as specified in IS: 800-
1984. The allowable stresses in axial compression and in
bending from the table of IS 6533
METHOD OF DESIGN
 Carry out several journals to find out the objectives of the project

 Understand the design procedure of a self-supporting steel chimney as per

Indian standard (IS-6533:1989)

 Select various chimney and opening geometry considering code IS-6533:1989

limitations

 Analyze the chimney model by using ANSYS 16 (Mechanical APDL)

DESIGN IN ANSYS
The design of chimney can be done in various softwares like MATLAB, ANSYS,STADD PRO
etc. The ANSYS gives us much accurate value comparing to other softwares. ANSYS is a general
purpose finite element modelling package for numerically solving a wide variety of mechanical
problems. These problems include: static/dynamic structural analysis (both linear and non-linear),
heat transfer and fluid problems, as well as acoustic and electromagnetic problems. The
advantages of using ANSYS are:
 ANSYS can import all kinds of CAD geometries (3D and 2D) from different CAD software's
and perform simulations, and also it has the capability of creating one effortlessly
 ANSYS has the capability of performing advanced engineering simulations accurately and
realistic in nature by its variety of contact algorithms, time dependent simulations and non linear
material models.
 ANSYS has the capability to optimize various features like the geometrical design, boundary
conditions and analyse the behaviour of the product under various criterion's
 FUTURE SCOPE
 The procedure itself is a trial and error method. After the calculation of loads(WL+DL)the
same loads are given to the chimney. Chimneys having different openings behaves differently
with same loading conditions, so to compensate with that different reinforcing section are
applied to different openings. Opening starting from 1X1 and it can go up to 4X4 depending
upon the height and diameter of the steel chimney

 There was no proper codal provision for openings of chimney. IS-6533:1989 (part I & II) gave
a little details about opening but no enough to carry out an opening of 2X2. By going through
the method engineer can easily choose the required section for required size of opening I steel
chimney.
LITERATURE REVIEW
 IS 6533 Part 1; 1989, “Design and Construction of Steel Chimney, “Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi 2002
 IS 6533 Part 2; 1989, “Design and Construction of Steel Chimney,” Bureau of Indian
Standards, New Delhi 2005
 A Kareem and J Hseih, “Reliability analysis of concrete chimneys under wind loading,”
Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics. 25, pp. 93-112, 1986
 Dr. B. C. Punmia, Ashok Kumar Jain, Arun Kumar Jain, “Design of Steel Structures”, Fire
Wall media
 Design of Vibration-Dampers for Steel Chimneys with Latest Features (2009) Gupta M K
Dr Bajpai V K Dr Garg T K International Journal on Design and Manufacturing
Technologies Chennai ISSN 0973-9106 3(2) 39-42
 Dyrbye, C., Svend,O., 1999, Wind Loads on Structures,John Wiley & Sons,pp. 119, 126-
127, 135-142
 G. Murali, B. Mohan, P. Sitara and P. Jayasree, Response of Mild Steel
Chimney Under Wind Loads, International Journal of Engineering and
Application, 2(2), 2012,490-498
 Manoj Kr Gupta, Bajpai V.K, Garg T.K., “Optimization of Design parameters
of steel chimneys”, International Journal on Design and Manufacturing
Technologies,.4(2), 2010, 40-46
 Comparative Design and Analysis of Self Supporting and Guyed Steel
Chimney by R. Boopathiraja, K. Kayalvizhi IJIRST –International Journal
 A case study on steel chimney by Mohammad Imran Shah, Pervaiz Ul Hassan,
Redwana Shujat International Journal of Engineering Applied Sciences and
Technology, 2017 Vol. 2, Issue 4, ISSN No. 2455-2143, Pages 135-137
THANK YOU

By
Somnath Bhunia