Click to edit Master title style

Presentation on the first

caliphate of Islam and
after the death of
Prophet (S.A.W)
By Ahmad Azeem and Amanullah Malik from 9-C
S I LV E R

1
 Click to edit Master title style

What is Caliphate?
A person considered a religious successor
to the Islamic prophet Muhammad and a
leader of the entire ummah (community).It
basically means those personalities which
came after the death of Prophet(S.A.W) to
take care of the whole muslim ummah
(community).The first caliphate to be
elected by the community was Hazrat Abu
Bakar(R.A.Z) who was the closest and a
long life companion of Prophet(S.A.W).He
was elected by Ansar and Quraish

2 2
Elections
Click to edit Master title style

• As Prophet(S.A.W) did not nominate his

s u c c e s s o r. A f t e r h i s d e a t h , A n s a r
gathered to discuss the appointment for
caliph.
• Ansar wanted to make the caliph
selection from there side in view of there
great sacrifices for Islam.
• Abu Bakar (R.A.S) argued as Quraish
would not agree on any caliphate rather
than from Quraish
• Ansar Suggested 2 Caliphates but
Umar(R.A.Z) Objected as 2 caliphates
would create confusion
• Since the Prophet(S.A.W) belonged to the
tribe of Quraish, now they had preference
over them 3 3
Elections
Click to edit Master title style

• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A.Z) proposed the

name of Abu ’Obaidah bin al-Jarrah’ but
Hazrat Umar(R.A.Z) proposed to Hazrat
Abu Bakar(R.A.Z)
• Next day muslims took a general pledge
of allegiance in the Mosque of the
Prophet(S.A.W)
• In the Mosque Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A.Z)
addressed him self as how he was chosen
the first caliphate of Islam and what
would be his aim during his leadership

4 4
Click to editToMaster
Expedition Syria title style

• The Prophet(S.AW) before his death had appointed

Usamah(R.A.Z) to lead an expedition against Syrians in
order to avenge the death of his father Zayd
• In the view of the peculiar circumstances some
companions argued to postpone the expedition as
Hazrat Usamah(R.A.Z) was inexperienced
• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A.Z) refused to change the
decision which was made by Prophet(S.A.W) himself
• At the last Army led by Hazrat Usamah(R.A.Z) left for
the expedition and returned to Medina after 40 days
with a great victory

5 5
Click to edit
Problems faced
Master
by Caliphate
title styleand Apostasy wars

Problems Faced by Caliphate Apostasy Wars

• Rebellions on all side of Arabia was on a
rise
• Christian and Jews started having wars
between them
• Cases of False-prophets were increasing
and in some cases people even refused
to pay zakat which made problems
causing unrest
• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A.Z) started to take strict
action who apostatised and started sending
army to crush the movement
• Divided army under 11 battalions each under
experienced commander
• Instructed to call the rebels to Islam first, if they
refused fight them
• These battles are known as ‘’Ridda wars’’, the
Arabic word for apostasy
• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A.Z) was able to crush the
rebellion in a year and brought Muslim to unity

6 6
Click to
False Prophets
edit Master title style
False Prophets were those who
faked them self’s as Prophets and
faked in front of every one about
there Prophet hood. Who ever
claims to be a Prophet after the
death of the Prophet(S.A.W) is a
False Prophet
There were mainly 4 False Prophets
with whom Hazrat Abu Bakar
(R.A.Z) fought with and defeated
1st False Prophet
• Musailamah
• Most important Ridda war was fought in
central Arabia against Musailamah who
belonged to the tribe of Banu Haneefah
• Musailaman did meet Prophet(S.A.W) and
declared his Prophet Hood
• Prophet(S.A.W) called him as Musailamah
the liar
• Prophet(S.A.W) died before he could take
any action against Musailamah
• Musailamah allowed the followers of Islam
unlawful practices like Drinking and eating
pork
7 7
ClickBattle
The to editofMaster
Yamahatitle style
• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A) sent ‘Ikrimah (R.A) to fight Musailamah and then sent
Shurhbeel bin Hasanah to assist
• Ikrimah fought with Musailamah without waiting for Shurbeel and got defeated
• Same thing happened with Shurbeel and he was defeated as well
• Then Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A) called Khalid bin Waleed to join the Muslim army
• A savage battle took place in Yamaha in which Muslims became victorious
• Musailamah was killed by Wahshi who had killed Hazrat Hamza (R.A) but later
accepted Islam
• The battle took place in garden and a great number of Banu Haneefah tribe
were killed that garden had a flood of blood, for this reason this battle came to
known as Battle of the Garden of Death
• In the battle, 300 Muslims were killed, amongst them many were Huffaz Quran

8 8
 Click to
False Prophets
edit Master title style
Aswad Anasi
• Aswad rose in Yemen as was
known as the veiled Prophet
because he veiled on his face all
the time to hide is ugliness
• He belonged to the tribe of Ans
• He gathered a big force and
invaded Najran and Parts of
Yemen
• Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A) sent an
army against him and he was
defeated
Tulaiha
• Tulaiha belonged to the tribe of Banu
Asad in Northern Arabia
• He claimed his Prophet hood during the
life of Prophet(S.A.W)
• Prophet(S.A.W) did order strict action
against him but he ran away
• Hazrat Abu Bakar (R.A) sent Khalid bin
Waleed with 4 thousand men and Tulaiha
was defeated in the battle of Buzakhah
and he escaped to Syria
• Later he embraced Islam and served in
the Muslim army under the caliphate of
Hazrat Umar(R.A)
9 9
Click to
False Prophets
edit Master
- Sajjaha
title style

• Sajjaha belonged to tribe of Banu Tamim.

• A number of chiefs of this tribe including Malik bin
Nuwairah faked Islam and Sajjaha declared her prophet
hood and gathered a number of followers
• Sajjaha visited Musailamah in Yamaha and married him
accepting his Prophet hood
• Later she returned to her tribe and however her
marriage to Musailamah had undermined her position
• She lived in Obscurity for rest of her life and when
Muslims conquered Iraq, she accepted Islam with the
rest of her tribe
• Abu Bakar(R.A) sent Khalid bin Waleed and most of the
Banu Tamim tribe re-embraced Islam
10 10
 Click to To
Refusal edit
Pay
Master
Zakattitle style
• Some tribe refused to pay Zakat. Seeking this Abu
Bakar(R.A) called his Advisory council (Majlis-Shura)
and gathered advices
• Most companions were not in favor because they said
wars against False prophets and other threats are more
threatening to Islam
• How ever Hazrat Abu Bakar(R.A) was firm on taking
strong and prompt action so that others might learn a
lesson
• The tribes launched an attack on Medina, but the
Muslims repulsed this attack
• Soon they sent their delegation to offer allegiance and
to pay Zakat

11 11
Click to edit Master title style

Thank You

12