SEM 1: Block 1 :

UNIT 1: Ship Construction 1

1.1 Sketch profile view of a ship and name the
Principal Parts.

1.2 Sketch Peak Tanks, Double Bottom Tanks, Deep

Tanks, Cargo Tanks, Ballast Tanks, etc.

1.3 Sketch and label the following parts – beam,

bulkhead, hatch, tank, coaming, hatch-cover,
rudder, deck, hull, bilge, sounding pipe, air pipe
and ventilator.
 1.1_GEN. CARGO_MULTI-PURPOSE SHIP - PROFILE

Main Radio Antenna Main

Emergency Mast
Monkey Island Funnel
Radio
Antenna 15 Bridge
17
9 18
Focsle 16
Hawse
store
Pipe
Fore 11 14
Mast 10 10
Focsle 6 Poop
8 13 8
Anchor 12 19 19 12 deck
No.1 5 No.2 5 No.3 5 No.4 5 24 Transom
Tw. Dk. Tw. Dk. Tw. Dk. Tw. Dk. 22 23 A.Pk. Stern
F.Pk. 7 7 20 7 Engine Tank
1 No.1 No.2 No.3 LH
Tank E No. P/S
Room 25
Bulbous Lower Lower DP
21 4 LH Tks Rudder and
Bow Hold 2 Hold
3 Rudder stock
Bow thruster 4 Propellor and
Tail shaft

2
1. Collision bulkhead 14. Crane machinery housing
2. Tank-top 15. Crane jib
3. Double bottom tanks 16. Crane operators cabin
4. Bottom hull plating 17. Samson post
5. Tween Deck 18. Jumbo derrick in use
6. Cargo to be loaded in the 19. Open Upper deck hatch
no.2 Tween deck covers
7. Tween deck hatch covers 20. Open Tween deck hatch
– closed covers
8. Upper deck hatch covers 21. Cargo loaded in the lower
(closed) and coaming hold
9. Derrick post 22. For’d engine room
10. Derricks in horizontal bulkhead
stowed position 23. Aft engine room bulkhead
11. Derrick in vertically stowed 24. Steering gear compartment
position for crane operation and aft store
12. Deck house 25. Stern Tube Cooling Water
13. Crane pedestal tank
1.2 Sketch Peak Tanks,
Double Bottom Tanks,
Deep Tanks, Cargo Tanks,
Ballast Tanks, etc.
Fore peak tank
Aft peak tank

SKEG
Lightening holes
Lightening
holes
Top-Side and DB
Ballast tank of a
bulk carrier

Bracket
Bracket
DB tank of a Bulk Carrier
- Longitudinally framed
Bracket
Bracket
Cargo tank of a Double-hull Oil Tanker
Transverse web
CL

Figure 22.2 Double-hull oil tanker.

 OIL TIGHT

OIL TIGHT
STRINGER
1.3 Sketch and label the following parts:
beam, bulkhead, hatch, tank, coaming,
hatch-cover, rudder, deck, hull, bilge,
sounding pipe, air pipe and ventilator.
Beam, Girder, Frame, Beam knee
Beam knee and Bulkhead Frame

Girder runs in F/A direction

Beam runs in athwartship / transverse / P/S direction
Frame runs vertical along a side bulkhead
Hatch
MacGregor Steel Hatch-covers
Hatch cover
Opening
/ Closing
wire

CHAIN

Upper rollers Eccentric wheels

Hatch Coaming STAYS
 Hatch Cover +
Hatch Coaming
Eccentric Wheel

Drain
Float
STAY
Hatch Cover +
Hatch Coaming

STAY
Bilge well and Suction Arrangement

Bilge sounding pipe Rose box /

Strum box Bilge with the
Suction pipe
strum-box
Bell
Mouth
or rose-box
attached
to the
Suction Filter suction pipe
Bay Bay
 Tank Air-pipe & Sounding pipe

DB tank
Sounding Ballast tank
pipe vent heads

Hold
Bilges
Sounding
pipe
Ballast tank
Air pipes

Bilge suction Cargo hold

inside the
Bilge well

DB tank
 Sounding pipes: with plug / with doubler plate

Sounding pipe with doubler

plate at the bottom

Sounding pipe with

plug at the bottom

Doubler Pipe dia.

plate = 37mm
Ships bottom /
Tank bottom Clearance Pipe dia.
= 1cm = 37mm
Ships bottom /
Opening
Tank bottom
Plug
Tank air-pipe vent heads
 Wheel to move the
Hold Ventilators Baffle plate up or down
Spindle
Mushroom
Mushroom vent head

ventilator Baffle plate

- Forced
Ventilation
Spark arrestor mesh
- Natural
Fan
Ventilation

Motor
Fan Fan section
Flanges Moto
r

Fan motor
supports
 Ventilators

Cowl ventilator
Goose-neck
ventilator

Butterfly
Flap nut
Cross Section of a Ship
I
SEM 1: Block 1:

UNIT 2: Ship Construction 2

2.1 Explain the draft marks, Plimsoll line, deck line, load
lines and freeboard.

2.2 Draws to scale the load line mark and the load lines for
a ship.

2.3 Define and illustrate:

forward perpendicular (FP), after perpendicular (AP),
length between perpendiculars (LBP), length on the
waterline (WL), length overall (LOA), base line; moulded
depth, beam and draught; extreme depth, beam and
draught.
 PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF A SHIP

SUMMER
FREEBOARD

Aft Perpendicular For’d Perpendicular

SUMMER
DRAFT
 3.1.13 + 3.1.14
Draft + Air draft + Freeboard
Maximum Height: Funnel / Mast / Antenna

Air
Camber
Draft
Deckline

Freeboard
W L

Moulded Extreme
Extreme Moulded Moulded Breadth Depth Draft
Depth Draft (Mld B) (Mld D)
(Ext D)
Extreme Breadth (Ext B)
Base line Base line
Round of Bilge
Draft d: It is the vertical distance from the waterline down to the keel. If it is to
the top of the keel, then it is draft moulded. If it is to the bottom of the keel, then
it is draft extreme. Draft moulded is used mainly by Naval Architects. Draft
extreme is used mainly by masters, mates, port authorities and dry-dock
personnel.

Freeboard FB: This is the vertical distance from the waterline to the “Deck Line”.

AIR DRAFT:
IT IS THE HEIGHT OF THE UPPER MOST POINT ON THE SHIP FROM THE WATER
LEVEL AT THE MINIMUM DRAFT END. IT IS USED WHEN PASSING UNDER
OVER- HEAD OBSTRUCTIONS i.e BRIDGES, POWER CABLES ETC.

MOULDED DEPTH (M.D):

IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE INNER SURFACE OF THE WEATHER DECK
PLATING AND THE INNER SURFACE OF THE BOTTOM PLATING. IT IS MEASURED
ALONG THE CENTER OF THE MAIN BEAM.
UD
DL
Deck Line DL: Where the Upper Deck (UD) meets
the 1st Deck Strake called “Sheer Strake (SS)” SS
PRINCIPAL DIMENSIONS OF A SHIP:
LENGTH OVER ALL (L.O.A):
IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PERPENDICULAR DROPPED
FROM THE EXTREME RIGID FORWARD AND AFT POINT OF A SHIP.
IT IS USED FOR BERTHING THE SHIP.

FORWARD PERPENDICULAR:
IT IS THE PERPENDICULAR DROPPED FROM A POINT WHERE THE
SUMMER LOAD LINE MEETS THE STEM.

AFT PERPENDICULAR:
IT IS THE PERPENDICULAR DROPPED FROM A POINT ON THE
SUMMER LOAD LINE WHICH WILL PASS THROUGH THE CENTER OF
THE RUDDER STOCK.
LENGTH BETWEEN PERPENDICULARS (L.B.P):
IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE FORWARD AND AFT
PERPENDICULAR MEASURED ALONG THE SUMMER LOAD LINE.
IT IS USED IN DRAFT CALCULATION.

EXTREME BREADTH (E.B):

IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN THE OUTER SURFACE OF THE HULL
PLATING ON PORT AND STARBOARD SIDE; IT IS MEASURED ALONG
THE MAIN BEAM OF THE VESSEL. IT IS USED IN MANOUVERING
AND BERTHING OF A SHIP.

MOULDED BREADTH (M.B):

IT IS THE DISTANCE BETWEEN INNER SURFACE OF THE HULL
SURFACE ON PORT AND STARBOARD SIDE; IT IS MEASURED
ALONG THE MAIN BEAM OF THE VESSEL.
 FLARE

FLARE:
IT IS THE OUTWARD CURVATURE OF THE BOW PLATING.
A WIDER WORKING AREA IS OBTAINED ON THE FOC’S’LE.
IT PREVENTS THE BOW FROM DIPPING DEEPLY INTO HEAVY HEAD
SEAS.
IT HELPS IN KEEPING THE DROP OF THE ANCHOR AND MOVEMENT
OF THE CHAIN CLEAR OF THE SHIP SIDE PLATING.
IT ALSO ADDS TO THE RESERVE BUOYANCY OF THE VESSEL.
IT GIVES A SMART LOOK TO THE BOW OF THE SHIP.
CAMBER:
IT IS THE RISE OF THE DECK PLATING AT THE CENTER LINE ABOVE THE
SIDES OF THE DECK. CAMBER OF THE DECK IS MEASURED AS THE
DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PARALLEL DRAWN JOINING THE SIDES OF
THE DECK AND PARALLEL DRAWN AT THE APEX OF THE DECK PLATING
AT THE MIDSHIP AND ALONG THE CENTER LINE OF THE SHIP. CAMBER
OF THE DECK HELPS IN DRAINING WATER OR ANY LIQUID FROM THE
DECK.

TUMBLE HOME:
IT IS THE HORIZONTAL DISTANCE BETWEEN THE PERPENDICULAR
DRAWN FROM THE TURN OF THE BILGE AND THE SHEER STRAKE.
IT IS MEASURED AT THE MID-LENGTH OF THE SHIP.
RISE OF THE FLOOR: IT IS THE RISE OF THE SHIP’S BOTTOM PLATING AT
THE SIDE ABOVE THE LINE DRAWN PERPENDICULAR TO THE KEEL OF THE
SHIP AT THE TURN OF THE BILGE. RISE OF THE FLOOR HELPS DRAIN THE
BALLAST WATER IN THE DOUBLE BOTTOM TANK TOWARDS THE TANK
SUCTION. RISE OF THE FLOOR IS THE VERTICAL DISTANCE MEASURED
FROM THE TURN OF THE BILGE TO A LINE DRAWN PERPENDICULAR TO
THE KEEL AT THE MID-SHIP POSITION

SHEER: IT IS THE RISE OF THE DECK IN THE FORE AND AFT PART OF THE
DECK PLATING ABOVE THE PARALLEL DRAWN THROUGH THE CENTER OF
THE SHIP TO MEET THE STEM AND STERN OF THE SHIP. SHEER HELPS TO
DRAIN THE WATER FROM THE FORE CASTLE AND QUARTER DECK. IT
ALSO PROVIDES ADDITIONAL RESERVE BUOYANCY FOR’D AND AFT.

RAKE:
RAKE OF STEM: INCLINATION OF THE STEM LINE FROM THE VERTICAL.
RAKE OF KEEL: INCLINATION OF THE KEEL LINE FROM THE HORIZONTAL.
Rake of Keel
Rake of Stem
 Run Parallel body Entrance

7. ENTRANCE: It is the length of the ship measured from forward to the point from
which the ship’s hull plating converge completes and hull plating runs parallel
on port and starboard side. This information is essential while entering or
clearing the vessel through dock / locks.

8. PARALLEL MIDDLE BODY: It is the length of the ship’s hull on the port and
starboard side which run parallel to each other, after which the hull start
converging to meet the stem and the stern post.

9. RUN: It is the length of the ship measured from aft to the point from which the
hull plating converge completes and hull plating runs parallel on port and
starboard side. This information is essential while clearing the stern from the
docks / locks.