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Technology transfer, also called transfer of

technology (TOT), is the process of transferring


(disseminating) technology from the places and in
groups of its origination to wider distribution among
more people and places. It occurs along various axes:
among universities, from universities to businesses, from
large businesses to smaller ones, from governments to
businesses, across borders, both formally and informally,
and both openly and surreptitiously. Often it occurs by
concerted effort to share skills, knowledge, technologies,
methods of manufacturing, samples of manufacturing,
and facilities among governments or universities and
other institutions to ensure that scientific and
technological developments are accessible to a wider
range of users who can then further develop and exploit
the technology into new products, processes,
applications, materials, or services.
Vertical technology transfer occurs when
information is transmitted from basic research
to applied research, from applied research to
development, and from development to
production. Such transfers occur in both
directions, and the form of the information
changes as it moves along this dimension.
Horizontal transfer of technology occurs when
technology used in one place, organization, or
context is transferred and used in another
place, organization, or context
In a competitive environment, technology transfer has
become increasingly important for commercial enterprises
to gain competitive advantage over rivals. Some of the
advantages of technology transfer are the following:
 Technology transfer leads to competitive advantage for a
company to edge out its rivals.
 Technology transfer helps in research & development (R&D)
of a particular product which helps to take into account
public and private need.
 New technological innovations can lead to creation of new
markets and birth of new consumers.
 Long term advantages of technology transfer include
sustainable economic growth in the future and
commercialization of technology.
 The dependency of people over machinery will be
increased in long term. When there is any breakage
or stoppage of machines people will reach a
helpless situation until the problem is solved. The
amount of self-reliance for people will become less
and people will try to find an alternative in
technology for every problem they face.
 Another disadvantage of technology transfer is the
number of workers who become jobless.
Automation of many jobs will make the human
labour cheaper and more people will find it
difficult to get a job.

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