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ANGLE Modulation
(Chapter 4 – Text Book)
Lecture 10
AvE-2

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 Message of the day

8 April 2019 Engr Irfan Majid 3

 Lecture Objectives

 Introduction to principles and types of Angle

Modulation
 Understand the basic properties of Angle
Modulation
 Understand the relationship between FM & PM

Text book topics: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3

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 Angle Modulation
(Introduction)

In Amplitude Modulation, we investigated the effect of slowly

varying the amplitude of a sinusoidal carrier wave in
accordance with an information-bearing signal, keeping the
carrier frequency fixed. There is another way of modulating a
sinusoidal carrier wave namely, angle modulation, in which the
angle of the carrier wave is varied according to the
information-bearing signal. In this second family of modulation
techniques, the amplitude of the carrier wave is maintained
constant.

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 Angle Modulation
(Characterization)
Let the angle modulated signal be represented as:-

Angle Can be frequency or phase

Varied for Varied for

Frequency modulation Phase modulation

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 Angle Modulation
(Characterization)

Change in Frequency Change in Phase

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 Angle Modulation

 Angle modulation is a non-linear process more

complex to implement

 Angle modulation has better immunity to noise

interference

 Angle modulation requires greater bandwidth

All these statements are in reference to Amplitude Modulation

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 Angle Modulation
(Instantaneous phase & frequency)

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 Angle Modulation
(Instantaneous phase & frequency)

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 Angle Modulation
(Types)
Phase Modulation

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 Angle Modulation
(Types)
Frequency Modulation

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 Angle Modulation

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 Modulation Schemes

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 Angle Modulation
(Properties)
PROPERTY 1 Constancy of transmitted power

PROPERTY 2 Nonlinearity of the modulation process

PROPERTY 3 Irregularity of zero-crossings
PROPERTY 4 Visualization difficulty of message waveform
PROPERTY 5 Tradeoff of increased transmission bandwidth for improved noise
performance

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 Angle Modulation
(Relationship between FM & PM)
Examining the definitions of Eqs. (4.4) and (4.7), we see that an FM
wave may be viewed as a PM wave produced by the modulating wave
in place of m(t). This means that an FM wave can be
generated by first integrating the message signal with respect to time
t and then using the resulting signal as the input to a phase
modulator, as shown
in Fig. 4.3(a).
Conversely, a PM wave can be viewed as an FM wave produced by
the modulating wave Hence, a PM wave can be generated by
first differentiating m(t) with respect to time t and then using the
resulting signal as the input to a frequency modulator, as shown in
Fig. 4.3(b).

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 Angle Modulation
(Relationship between FM & PM)

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 Angle Modulation
(Relationship between FM & PM)

It follows therefore that phase modulation and frequency

modulation are uniquely related to each other. This
relationship, in turn, means that we may deduce the
properties of phase modulation from those of frequency
modulation and vice versa. For this reason, in this chapter
we will be focusing much of the discussion on frequency
modulation.

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