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The document discusses biogas as a renewable fuel that can be produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion. It describes the composition and properties of biogas that make it suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Modifications needed to diesel and gasoline engines are outlined to allow them to operate using biogas as the primary fuel source.
The document discusses biogas as a renewable fuel that can be produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion. It describes the composition and properties of biogas that make it suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Modifications needed to diesel and gasoline engines are outlined to allow them to operate using biogas as the primary fuel source.
The document discusses biogas as a renewable fuel that can be produced from organic waste through anaerobic digestion. It describes the composition and properties of biogas that make it suitable as a fuel for internal combustion engines. Modifications needed to diesel and gasoline engines are outlined to allow them to operate using biogas as the primary fuel source.
PRESENTATION ON BIOGAS AS FUEL Submitted to: RICHA MISHRA Asst. Proffessor IC ENGINES INTRODUCTION TO BIOGAS
Biogas is the product of fermentation of man and animals'
biological activity waste products when bacteria degrade biological material in the absence of oxygen, in a process known as anaerobic digestion. Since biogas is a mixture of methane (also known as marsh gas or natural gas) and carbon dioxide it is a renewable fuel produced from waste treatment.
The most important component of biogas, from
the calorific point of view, is methane, CH4. The other components are not involved in combustion process, and rather absorb energy from combustion of CH4 as they leave the process at higher temperature than the one they had before the process. Biogas refers to a mixture of different gases produced by the breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Biogas can be produced from raw materials such as agricultural waste, manure, municipal waste, plant material, sewage, green waste or food waste. Biogas is a renewable energy source. PROPERTIES OF BIOGAS AS FUEL FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES In its pure state, it is color less, odorless, tasteless. For safety reason, an odorant is added so that any leak can be easily detected. The composition of bio gas is never constant. Methane is by far the largest component, its presence accounting for about 50% to 70% of the total volume. The biogas will rise if escaping, thus dissipating from the site of a leak. This important characteristic makes biogas safer than other fuels. Biogas has very high octane number approximately 130. By comparison, gasoline is 90 to 94 & alcohol 105 at best.
Biogas has a very slow flame velocity, only
.290 m/s. at its highest. The range of flammability is 4 to 14% which can give good combustion efficiency. MODIFICATION OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES Diesel engines can be modified to operate on biogas in two different ways: Dual fuel operation with ignition by pilot fuel injection, operation on gas alone with spark ignition. THE DUAL FUEL ENGINE In this case, the normal diesel fuel injection system still supplies a certain amount of diesel fuel. The engine, however sucks and compresses a mixture of air and biogas fuel which has been prepared in external mixing device. The mixture is then ignited by and together with the diesel fuel sprayed in. The amount of diesel fuel needed for sufficient ignition is between 10% and 20% of the amount needed for operation on diesel fuel alone.
Operation on diesel fuel alone is possible when biogas is not
available Any contribution of biogas from 0% to 85% can substitute a corresponding part of diesel fuel. MODIFICATION OF A DIESEL ENGINE INTO A GAS OTTO ENGINE
This modification involves a major operation on the
engine and the availability of certain parts, which will have to be changed. These alterations are: removal of the injector pump and injector nozzles reduction of the compression ratio to ε = 10...12 mounting of an ignition system with distributor ignition coil, spark plugs and electric supply (alternator) provision of a mixing device for the supply of an air/fuel mixture with constant air/fuel ratio. Advantages of Biogas 1. Biogas is Eco-Friendly 2. Biogas Generation Reduces Soil and Water Pollution 3. Biogas Generation Produces Organic Fertilizer 4. It’s A Simple and Low-Cost Technology That Encourages A Circular Economy. 5. Healthy Cooking Alternative For Developing Areas Disadvantages of Biogas
1. Few Technological Advancements
2. Effect of Temperature on Biogas Production : In cold climates,
digesters require heat energy to maintain a constant biogas supply. 3. Contains Impurities: If the generated bio-fuel was utilized to power automobiles, it can corrode the metal parts of the engine. 4. Less Suitable For Dense Metropolitan Areas: Another biogas disadvantage is that industrial biogas plants only makes sense where raw materials are in plentiful supply (food waste, manure). For this reason, biogas generation is much more suitable for rural and suburban areas.