MOTIVATION

WHAT DOES PERSONNEL MOTIVATION

MEAN?
 Personnel motivation is a key factor in getting employees to increase performance.

 The needs, wants and desires which exist within an individual, make up his internal
motivation. These factors influence him by determining his thoughts, which in turn lead to
his behavior in a particular situation (Hicks & Gullett 1975:276).

 Motivation is an inner state that energizes, activates or moves, and that directs or channels
behavior toward goals (Berelson & Steiner 1964:240).

 Motivation is the process by which managers stimulate employee behavior and direct it
toward achieving desired personal and organizational goals (Megginson 1981:293).

 Motivation is the driving force in any individual which moves him (or her) to act in a certain
way. Practically spoken: it is what drives your employees to give their best for your
business (Franken 1994:15).
The types of motivations in business
 Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation

Employees are motivated by internal rewards like fulfillment and contentment. Conversely by
external rewards like a bonus or raise as well as negative external factors like getting fired.

 Achievement motivation

Motivated by the achievement of a task or goal itself, and not necessarily because of the reward.

 Incentive motivation

Motivated by incentives, employees commit to actions because of an expected reward.

 Fear motivation

Fear motivation uses punishment or negative motivators – like getting fired – as a way to keep
employees productively moving towards specific goals and tasks.
 Power motivation

Power motivation is a motivational factor that says employees are motivated by control
over one’s own lives and/or the lives of others.

 Competence motivation

Competence motivation, also known as learning motivation, is similar to achievement

motivation ,However the difference is employees are motivated by the act of learning as
they move towards the completion of a goal or task.

 Expectancy theory of motivation

The expectancy theory of motivation is a psychological theory that says employees are
motivated by their expectation of a specific outcome as a result of their actions or effort.

 Equity theory of motivation

The equity theory of motivation is a motivational theory that states employees are
motivated not by a reward but by their perceived level of fairness.
Why Employees become unmotivated ?
 They aren't given the opportunity to discover

There need to be a balance. You can't expect a human being made up of emotions to show up every single day
and perform the same monotonous task over and over again like a robot.(innovative companies like Google
implement time for employees to work on side projects. They want to nurture a habit of thinking, a culture of
explorers).

 Lack of feedback

A lack of feedback is the biggest killer of motivation at work. Mechanisms need to be established to provide
employees with information on whether they are achieving what they are supposed to. Feedback is information
about performance that allows an individual to adjust his or her performance.

 Equal treatment for equal accomplishments

Small improvements have small rewards and large improvements have large rewards. Trying to reward all
successes in the same way will quickly prove counterproductive, as employees will soon begin to wonder why
they should even bother.
 The 7 Biggest Employee Motivations
 A clear, realistic progression plan

Setting future progression goals gives an employee focus, direction and drive to achieve, with rewards for successful
completion.

 Training & Development

Individual training plans, geared towards the employee’s own learning style and skills gaps will show how valued
they are and will act as a real motivator.

 Tools for the job

Ensuring your employees have sufficient resources, technology and equipment to do their job properly is important.

 Ensure success does not go un-noticed

Rewarding hard work & success makes people feel good about what they are doing.
 Structured salary review process

An employee that considers them self unappreciated or underpaid is one unlikely to stick
around. The salary review processes must go hand in hand with a clear progression plan,
clearly setting out what the employees must do to achieve the rewards of a salary
increase.

 Open communication

Managers should also not create the impression that they would be irritated or annoyed if
their employees ask them questions. By allowing them to ask questions not only increases
their involvement and participation; it also reduces the risk of misunderstanding and
develops an opportunity for clarification.

 Allowing employees to participate in decision making

Employees should be given the authority to deal with a situation that requires their
discretion. If employees do not have the autonomy to plan their own work and to solve
their own work problems, it is unlikely that they will be motivated.
 CONCLUSION
 The given strategies may have a different motivational impact on different people because
people have many different qualities which differ from one person to the next and have to be
managed as such..

 A given strategy may affect an employee in different ways at different points in time because
conditions, needs and personal objectives are not static and change over time. A given
strategy may increase motivation in some ways and diminish it in others.

 To be sure which strategies will be the most effective considering the uniqueness of the
circumstances and the diversity of the group involved will take considerable thought,
patience, time and effort.
 What is communication

Process of communication
Contents Types of communication

Levels of communication
 It is a process of exchanging
–

Information

Ideas

Thoughts

Commun Feelings

ication is Emotions

what?? Through

Speech

Signals

Writing

Behaviour
Process of Communication

Encoding
Sender

Noise
Channel Message

Barrier
Feedback Channel

Decoding

Receiver
 People communicate with each other in number of
ways that depend upon the message and its
Types of context in which it is being sent.

Communic
ation Types of communication based on the
communication channels
Used are-
Verbal communication
Non verbal communication
 It refers to the form of communication in which
message is transmitted verbally.
Communication is done by word of mouth and a
Verbal piece of writing.
Communic
ation Verbal communication is divided into:
Oral communication
Writing communication
  In oral communication, spoken words are used.

 It includes face-to-face conversations, speech , telephonic

conversations , video's , radios , television , voice over internet.

 Communication is influenced by pitch , volume , speed and

Oral clarity of speaking.

Communic
 Advantages-

It brings quick feedback.

ation In a face-to-face conversation , by reading facial expression and
body language one can guess whether he/she should trust what’s
being said or not.

 Disadvantages-

In face-to-face discussion , user is unable to deeply think about

what he is delivering , so this can be counted as a fault.
  In written communication , written signs or symbols are used to
communicate.

 In written communication message can be transmitted via

email, letter, report, memo etc.

 written communication is most common form of communication

being used in business.
Written
 Advantages-
Communic Messages can be edited and revised

ation Written communication provide record and backup.

A written message enables receiver to fully understand it and send

appropriate feedback.

 Disadvantages-

Written communication does not bring instant feedback . It take

more time in composing a written message as compared to word-
of-mouth and number of people struggles for writing ability.
  Non verbal communication is the sending or receiving of wordless
messages . Such as gesture, body language ,posture, tone of voice or
facial expression, is called non verbal communication.

 Non verbal communication is all about the body language of speaker.

 Non verbal communication have the following three elements-

Non verbal  Appearance

Speaker-

Commun Clothing, hairstyle, neatness, use of cosmetics

ication
Surrounding –room size, lighting, decorations, furnishings

 Body language

Facial expressions, gesture, postures

 Sounds

Voice tone, volume, speech rate

 Intrapersonal Communication

Communication that occurs in your own

mind. It is the basis of your feelings,
Levels of biases, prejudices, and beliefs.

Communi -Examples are when you make any kind

of decision – what to eat or wear. when
cation you think about something – What you
want to do on the weekend or when you
think about another person.
 • Interpersonal Communication
Communication between two people but can
involve more in informal conversations.

-Examples are when you are talking to

your friends. A teacher and student
discussing an assignment. A patient and a
doctor discussing a treatment. A manager and
a potential employee during an interview.
Small group
Communication

•Communication within formal or informal

groups or teams. It is group interaction that
results in decision making, problem solving
and discussion within an organisation.
• - Examples would be group planning a
surprise birthday party for someone. A team
working together on a project.
 •It involves a speaker who
seeks to inform, persuade or
motivate an audience.
• -Examples are a teacher
and a class of students. A
preacher and a congregation. A
speaker and an assembly of
people in the auditorium.

One-to-group
Communication
 Mass Communication
•It is an electronic or print transmission of messages
to the general public. Outlets called mass media
include things like radio, television, film, and
printed materials designed to reach large audiences.

• A television commercial. A magazine article.

Hearing a song on the radio.
• Books, newspapers, Billboards. The key is that
you are reaching a large amount of people
without it being face to face. Feedback is
generally delayed with mass communication.