DEPARTMENT OF

ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

Technical seminar on

“Evolutionary 4G/5G Network Architecture Assisted Efficient

Handover Signaling”

PRESENTED BY:
YASHASH KUMAR K E
(1AH15EC045)
 OUTLINE OF THE TALK

 Abstract
 Introduction
 Types of Handover
 Handover scenarios
 Evolutionary 4G/5G Network Architecture
 SDN agent integration
 Comparison of all Generations
 Conclusion
 References

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 ABSTRACT

 In future wireless networks are expected to be ultra-dense and

heterogeneous not just in terms of the number and type of base
stations but also in terms of the number of users and the application
types they access.

 Such a network architecture will require mobility management

mechanisms that adapt rapidly to these highly dynamic network
characteristics.

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 INTRODUCTION
One of the most challenging requirement for a wireless network to
be very common is the ability to permit mobility.

Mobility should be permitted – whenever and wherever – without

loss of QoS and connectivity.

Handover mechanism allows the user to change its physical point of

attachment within the network when it is subject to a mobility event.

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What is Handover?
 It is the process of changing the point of connection while
communication.

Transferring an ongoing call or data session from one channel

connected to the core network to another channel.

Example - If the received signal power from the current serving base
station goes below a particular threshold and, simultaneously if the
same parameter for another base station in the vicinity goes above a
certain threshold, then a decision to change the point of attachment,
i.e. the base station, can be taken by the network or the user.

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Types of Handover
• Hard Handover.
• Soft Handover.

Fig.1 System model for cellular Handoff

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Hard Handover
Old connection is broken before a new connection is activated.

Primarily used in FDMA and TDMA systems. (Ex - GSM)

Different frequency ranges are used in adjacent cells to minimize the

interference.

(BREAK BEFORE MAKE)

Fig.2 Mechanism of Hard Handover

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Soft Handover
New connection is activated before the old is broken.

Used in UMTS to improve the signal quality.

Uplink and downlink signals may be combined for better signal.

A mobile in UMTS may spend large part of connection time in soft

handover.

(MAKE BEFORE BREAK)

Fig.3 Mechanism of Soft Handover

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Handover scenario in current wireless networks

Fig.5 Handover scenario in current wireless networks

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Handover scenario in future wireless networks

Fig.6 Handover scenario in future wireless networks

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EVOLUTIONARY 4G/5G NETWORK ARCHITECTURE

Fig.7 Evolutionary 4G/5G network architecture

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SDN AGENT INTEGRATION
 SDN agent architectural framework.

SDN agent operational framework.

 SDN-enabled Mobility Management unit (SeMMu) architectural

framework.

(SDN – Software Defined Networking)

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SDN agent for the evolutionary network architecture.

Fig.10 SDN agent architectural framework.

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SDN agent for the evolutionary network architecture.

Fig.11 SDN agent operational framework.

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 SDN agent for the evolutionary network architecture.

Fig.12 SDN-enabled Mobility Management unit (SeMMu) architectural framework.

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The Message Analyzer-Generator module does the following:

• Analyzes the IEs of the received message.

• Determines the response messages and generates the required IEs.

• Generates the metadata to be forwarded to the scheduler indicating

whether the outgoing messages can be parallelized or not.

• Formats the IEs into a message payload.

• Passes the payload along with the destination address to the

scheduler.

• Passes the metadata to the scheduler.

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To analyse this Handover signalling phases, we use Parallel link
Delay, latency, processing cost saving and transmission cost.

1. Parallel Link Delay = max(Link delay msg 1,..., Link delay msg x)

2.

3.

4.

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Comparison of all Generations

Fig.4 Comparison of all Generations

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Features of 5th Generation

 5G is a Packet Switched wireless system with wide area coverage

or (WWWW) Wireless World Wide Web.

 5G being developed to accommodate QoS rate requirements set by

further development of existing 4G applications.

Flexible channel bandwidth between 5MHz and 20MHz.

Data rate of at least 1Gb/s between any two points.

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 CONCLUSION
 Latency, transmission cost, processing cost and message size analysis is
conducted, which concludes that the proposed mechanism enhances the
Handover signaling significantly.

 The evolutionary characteristic of the proposed mechanism helps to

maintain a manageable CAPEX.

 It also facilitates the execution of the aforementioned enhanced Handover

signaling.

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 REFERENCES

1. K. Alexandris, N. Nikaein, R. Knopp, and C. Bonnet, ‘‘Analyzing X2

handover in LTE/LTE-A,’’ in Proc. 14th Int. Symp. Modeling Optim.
Mobile, Ad Hoc, Wireless Netw. (WiOpt), May 2016, pp. 1–7.

2. A. Mahmoud, A. A. Naser, M. Abu-Amara, T. Sheltami, and N. Nasser,

‘‘Software-defined networking approach for enhanced evolved packet core
network,’’ Int. J. Commun. Syst., vol. 31, no. 1, p. e3379, 2018.

3. Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS); Radio Resource

Control(RRC);Protocolspecification,documentTS25.331version13.1.0
Release 13, 3GPP, 2016.

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