Flood and Runoff estimation

methods

Indirect Direct Methods

Methods
(measurements)
(Equations)
 Talbot’s

CN )SCS( Rational

Indirect Methods

Manning’s Formula Unit Hydrograph

Equation Creager’s
Current meter Staff gauge
Direct Methods

Crest stage gauge

 SCS Method
• SCS Method

• In this method the runoff volume (Q) resulting from a given

rainfall storm (P) is calculated using the following formula.

( P  0 .2 S ) 2
Q
P  0 .8 S
25400
S  254
CN
 Talbot Method
• Talbot Method

• Design flood can be related to morphological properties of the

catchment. Design flood discharge (Q), in m3 /sec, can be
calculated using the following formula

Q  aCA n
 Talbot Method

• Talbot Method

Runoff coefficients according to catchments characteristics

Catchments characteristics C
C1 = Terrain condition
0.30
Mountains
0.20
Semi-mountains
0.10
Low lands

C2 = Slope of drainage area

0.5
above 15%
0.4
10 – 15 %
0.23
5 – 10 %
0.25
2- 5 %
0.2
1–2%

C3 = Shape of drainage area

0.30
When width equals length
0.20
When width equals 0.4 of length
0.10
When width equals 0.2 of length
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Rational Method

• The rational method uses existing rainfall data and

land use in estimating peak runoff from small
drainage areas that are less than 15 km2.

Q  0.278CiA
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Rational Method

Runoff Coefficients for the Rational Method

Runoff
Type Of Drainage Area
Coefficient, C
Steep, bare rock 0.90
Rock, steep but wooded 0.80
Plateaus lightly covered, ordinary ground bare 0.70
Densely built up areas of cities with metal led roads & paths 0.70-0.90
Residential areas not densely built up, with metal led roads 0.50-0.70
Residential areas not densely built up, with unmetalled roads 0.20-0.50
Clayey soils, stiff and bare 0.60
Clayey soils lightly covered 0.50
Loam, lightly cultivated or covered 0.40
Loam, lightly, largely cultivated 0.30
Suburbs with gardens, lawns and macadamized roads 0.30
Sandy soil, light growth 0.20
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Rational Method

• The rainfall intensity (i) in millimeters per hour for

duration corresponding to the time of
concentration for the catchment area and having
a recurrence period appropriate to the site
conditions, is read from IDF curves.
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Rational Method

• Time of concentration is defined as the interval

time in minutes from the beginning of rainfall to the
time when water from the most remote position of
the catchment reaches the outlet.

• Kirkpich formula

Tc  (1 / 52) L1.155
/H 0.385
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Rational Method
 Estimation of Design Flood

• SCS Method

• In this method the runoff volume (Q) resulting from a given

rainfall storm (P) is calculated using the following formula.

( P  0 .2 S ) 2
Q
P  0 .8 S
25400
S  254
CN
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Talbot Method

• Design flood can be related to morphological properties of the

catchment. Design flood discharge (Q), in m3 /sec, can be
calculated using the following formula

Q  aCA n
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Talbot Method

Runoff coefficients according to catchments characteristics

Catchments characteristics C
C1 = Terrain condition
0.30
Mountains
0.20
Semi-mountains
0.10
Low lands

C2 = Slope of drainage area

0.5
above 15%
0.4
10 – 15 %
0.23
5 – 10 %
0.25
2- 5 %
0.2
1–2%

C3 = Shape of drainage area

0.30
When width equals length
0.20
When width equals 0.4 of length
0.10
When width equals 0.2 of length
 Estimation of Design Flood

• Talbot Method

Formulas according to catchment properties

Catchments area
Q25 (m3 /sec) Notes
(sq. km)

Qbasic = basic flows derived from

5> Qbasic * SF ;standards figures
SF = Slope factor for Catchment area

12.6 – 5 C * A0.75 * 0.837 C = C1 + C2 + C3

36 - 12.6 C * A0.5 * 4.985 C = C1 + C2 + C3

36< C A0.4 14.232 C = C1 + C2 + C3

Q5 = 0.6 Q25; Q10 = 0.8Q25;

Q50 = 1.2Q25; Q100 = 1.4Q25
 0.894*( 0.386* A ) 0.048
Qm  C1 * (0.386 * A)
CREAGER’S METHOD

0.894*( 0.386* A) 0.048

Qm  C1 * (0.386 * A)
Where:
Qm = Maximum or peak flow for a given return period.
A = Catchment area )Sq. Km(.
C1 = Greagers number )max. 130(.
 Theoretical eq. for runoff est. for Yemen

:)‫المعادلتا النظرية لحتساب الجريان السطحي (لليمن‬ •

• Jac A.M. van der Gun and others 1995.
R. O.= 0.055*P )mm(.
P= precipitation (mm)
• Arnon 1972
R. O.= 0.6*P*S )mm(.
S=Slop
• Runoff Coefficient Method
V=103C.P.A )m3(.
C=Runoff Coefficient
• Flood Estimation
Q=C.I.A/3.6 )m3/s(.
I=Rainfall Intensity (mm/hr)
• SCS Curve Number Method
F/S = Q/Pe
F=Actual water retention (Pe-Q) S=Potential Maximum Retention Q=Actual Runoff
• Pe=Potential runoff
Flow measurements
Flow measurements
Flow measurements
current meters
Current meters