Chapter 2

Content and Contextual Analysis of

Selected Primary Sources in Philippine
History

internal and external criticism

Learning Objectives:
 To familiarize oneself with the primary documents in
different historical periods of the Philippines.
 To learn history through primary sources.
 To properly interpret primary sources through
examining the content and context of the document.
 To understand the context behind each selected
document.
A Brief Summary of the First
Voyage Around the World By:
 Magellan By Antonio Pigafetta
 Our Asian ancestors were the real discovers of the
Philippines. They found the archipelago and settled it
centuries before Magellan was born.
 Negritos, Indonesians, Malay
 Indians
 Chinese
 Arabs’
 Japanese
 Thais
 Cambodians, and other Asia Came to our shores long
before the arrival of the Spaniards and other white
men.
Europeans Trades with
Asia
A. In ancient times, long before the Christian
era, Asian goods.
1. Silk
2. Spices reached the markets of Europe.
B. these Asian goods were transported to
Europe through caravan routes by Land
through sea-routes by ships.
How Europeans came to
know Asia
1. Stories told by crusaders, Christian knights
who fought in the holy land.
2. Tales told by medieval travelers, such as.
1. Marco Polo
2. Fr. John of Plano Carpini
3. Fr. Odoric of Perdenone
Fall of Constantinople in
1453
 A. Last emperor of
Constantinople –
Constantine XI a
Christian monarch.
 B. Muslim conqueror
of Constantinople –
Muhammad II great
ruler of ottoman
Turks.
C. Effect of Constantinople’s fall –
closing of the trade routes between
Asia & Europe.
GEOGRAPHICAL DISCOVERIES
AND EXPLORATION
Portuguese exploration inspired
by Prince Henry the Navigator.
 1. In 1441 Antonio
Gonzalves reached
cape Blanco, Africa
and bought first
Negro slaves to
Europe.
 2. In 1445 Dennis
Ferdinand
discovered Cape
Verde Islands.
 3. In 1487
Bartolomew Dias
discovered Cape of
Good Hope.
 4. In 1498 Vassco da
Gama rounded the
Cape of Good Hope
and reached Calicut,
India. Thus Portugal
was first European
nation to reach Asia.
SPANISH EXPLORATION
 1. In 1492
Christopher
Columbus
discovered America
of Spain.
 2. Between 1499 and
1503 Amerigo
Vaspucci explored
America, which was
named after him.
 3. In 1513 Balboa
discovered the
Pacific Ocean, which
he named “south
sea”.
 Ferdinand Magellan –
Rediscovered of the Philippines

 1. Born in 1480 at Ponte da Barca,

Portugal, of noble family.
a. Parents – Ruy Magellan & Alda De
Mesquita.
b. Educated at King’s court in Lisbon, where
he served as page to Queen Eleanor. One
of his classmates was Francisco Serrano,
his cousin and close friend.
 Magellan’s military
services in Asia
a. In 1505, at age 25, Magellan joined the exploration of
Almeida (first Portuguese viceroy to India).
b. He fought in the battle of Cananor, Diu, & Malacca.
In the bloody fight in Malacca, he save the life of
Francisco Serrano.
c. Promoted captain of troops due to bravery. In
Malacca, he acquired a Malay slave named Enrique.
d. Magellan returned to Lisbon in 1513.
e. Fought against Moors in Africa, where he was
wounded in left knee & limped for life.
Magellan became Spanish
citizen

a. Magellan was sore at his king, Manuel-I of

Portugal, who did not give adequate rewards
for his military services.
b. He went to Spain & became a
naturalized Spaniards.
c. He lived in Seville at the home of Diego
Barbosa, a Portuguese holding a high
office in Spain.
d. Magellan married Beatriz (pretty
daughter of Diego Barbosa).
Magellan given command
of Expedition to the East.
1. With the help of Diego Barbosa (his father –
in – law). And Cardinal Fonseca king’s
adviser, Magellan was able to convince King
Charles I (currently Emperor Charles V of
Germany to give him command of an
expedition to the East).
2. Portuguese king tried to block the expidition,
but failed.
 Preparation of the
Expidition
1. The Fleet – five small ships.
1. Trinidad (Flagship)
2. San Antonio
3. Concepcion
4. Santiago
5. Victoria
2. The crew – 268 men
Among the crew were Antonio pigafetta,
Venetian knight who wrote the story of
the voyage; Duarte Barbosa, nephew of
Diego Barbosa; Reverend Pedro de
Valderrama, fleet chaplain; and Enrique,
Malay slave of Magellan.
 World Divided between
Spain And Portugal.
1. Rival for world colonization.
a. Spain and Portugal were both
Christian power.
b. But they were rivals for colonization.
2. To prevent war between Spain &
Portugal, Pope Alexander VI issued the
famous Bull of May 4, 1493, with the
following provisions:
1. A demarcation line was drawn from north to
south pole passing the Atlantic Ocean at 100
degrees west of the Azones Cape Verde
Islands.
2. All lands discovered or yet to be discovered
west of the line belonged to Spain.
3. All lands discovered or yet to be discovered
east of this line belonged to Portugal.
 Treaty of Tordesillas
(June 7, 1494)
1. Portugal protested the papal divisions of the
world, for it gave to much territories to Spain.
a. Pope Alexander VI belonged to the
Spanish Borgonia family, hence he favored
Spain
b. To solve their rival claims, Spain &
Portugal signed the treaty of Tordesillas.
Provisions of this treaty were:
1. the demarcation line drawn by Pope
Alexander VI was shifted 370 leagues
west of Cape Verde Islands.
2. All lands west of this line belonged to
Spain.
3. All lands east of this line belonged to
Portugal.
 Three Goals of Spain

God – spread of Christianity

Gold – seek national wealth

(natural resources)

Glory – political glory above Portugal

(colonization)
 The Seven Continent

1. Europe
2. Asia
3. North & Central America
4. South America
5. Antarctica
6. Africa
7. Australia
Magellan – world conqueror.
49 men of Magellan
V.S.
Lapu-lapu – conqueror of the world
conqueror.
1,500 men of Lapu-lapu