BY:

Kirstine Anne Camille F. Nuez

Bonifacio P. Marilao Jr.
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE AND DOUBLE BAGGING
At the end of 2.5 hour lecture-discussion and
demonstration, the level III nursing students will
be able to
1. define the following terms:
a. isolation
b. isolation technique
c. isolation room
d. reverse isolation
e. double bagging
f. indirect contact
g. direct contact
h. nosocomial infection
2. enumerate indication for isolation technique
3. identify the different isolation technique
4. give the purpose of double bagging
5differentiate the indications of the various colors
used in trash and soiled linen/equipment
collection
6. discuss the guidelines to be followed in:
a.isolation technique
b.double bagging
7. demonstrate beginning skills in
a.isolation technique
b.double bagging
ISOLATION
- is defined as the voluntary or
compulsory separation and
confinement of those known or
suspected to be infected with a
contagious or infectious disease
to prevent further infection
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
- a medical aseptic practice,
inhibits the spread and transfer of
pathogenic organisms by limiting
the contacts of the patient and
creating some kind of physical
barrier between the patient and
others
ISOLATION ROOM
-is a specially constructed area
in a hospital designed for housing
patients with an infectious disease
in order to prevent the spread in the
hospital
REVERSE ISOLATION
- is a method use to prevent a
patient in a compromised health
situation from being contaminated
by other people or object.
DOUBLE BAGGING
- is an infection control practice
that involves placing a bag of
contaminated items into another
bag when it is impossible to keep
the outer surface of a single bag
free from contamination
INDIRECT CONTACT
- transmission of a
communicable disease by any
medium between the host and the
susceptible person
DIRECT CONTACT
- occurs when there is a
physical contact between an
infected person and a susceptible
person
NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION
- or Hospital Acquired Infection,
an infection occurring in a patient in
a hospital or other health care
facility in whom the infection was
not present or incubating at the
time of admission
PURPOSE OF
ISOLATION
TECHNIQUE
 PURPOSE OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

To prevent transmitting the

infectious microorganisms from
the patient to other patient and
members of the medical team
To avoid contaminating the
medical equipment being used
to monitor the health status of
the patient.
INDICATIONS
OF
ISOLATION
TECHNIQUE
INDICATIONS OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
1. Patient with highly communicable
disease
•tuberculosis
•SARS
•whooping cough
•hepatitis

2.Forimmune-compromised patients
•HIV/AIDS
•leukemia
•multiple myeloma

3. Patient with unknown or suspected

infection
DIFFERENT
TYPES
OF
ISOLATION
TECHNIQUE
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

STRICT ISOLATION
- is used for disease spread
through the air and in some cases by
contact. Those who are kept in strict
isolation are often kept in a special
room at the facility designed for that
purpose. It is recommended for
patient with chickenpox or viral
hemorrhagic fever.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

CONTACT ISOLATION
- is used to prevent the spread of
diseases that can be spread through
contact with open wounds. Health
care provider are required to wear
gloves and in some cases gown.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

RESPIRATORY ISOLATION
- is used for diseases that are
spread through particles that are
exhaled. Health care provider or any
person having contact with or
exposure to such patient should wear
mask. It is used for patient with
tuberculosis, measles, mumps and
pertusis.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

REVERSE ISOLATION
- is a method to prevent a patient in a
compromised health situation from being
contaminated by other people or objects. It
often involves use of laminar air flow and
mechanical barriers ( to avoid physical contact
with others to isolate the patient from any
harmful pathogens present in the external
environment). it is used for patient with
neutropenia, leukemia and patient receiving
anti-cancer chemotherapy.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

HIGH ISOLATION
- is used to prevent the spread of
unusually highly contagious, or highly
consequence infectious disease (e.g. EBOLA). It
stipulates mandatory use of gloves,
goggles/face shield, waterproof gown and
respirator.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF ISOLATION TECHNIQUE

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS

PROTECTIVE PRECAUTION

AIRBONE PRECAUTION

DROPLET PRECAUTION

CONTACT PRECAUTION
 PURPOSES
OF
DOUBLE BAGGING
 PURPOSES OF DOUBLE BAGGING

To prevent spread of

microorganism to the
surrounding area
To prevent potential
accidental exposure of
personnel to contaminated
particle
 COLOR CODING
USED IN
DOUBLE BAGGING
COLOR CODING USED IN DOUBLE BAGGING

Black
- for dry and non-infectious waste

Yellow
- for infectious contagious waste

Green
- for wet, non-infectious waste
COLOR CODING USED IN DOUBLE BAGGING

Red
- for sharp objects

Yellow with black stripes

- for chemical waste

Orange
- for radioactive waste
 GUIDELINEs
FOR
ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
GUIDELINE FOR ISOLATION TECHNIQUE
Always do medical hand washing before and
after entering the patients room.
Always clean the medical equipment before
and after patients use
Always clean from the least contaminated to
the most contaminated
Dispose contaminated equipment and articles
in a safe and effective manner to prevent
transmission of pathogens to other individuals
If the patient is to be transported to other
areas in the agency, take necessary measures
to protect those who will potentially be
exposed. Transport patient
 GUIDELINES
FOR
DOUBLE BAGGING
 GUIDELINES FOR DOUBLE BAGGING
All isolation precaution bags must be correctly
identified
Reusable supplies such as instruments and basins
must be rinsed to remove all gross contamination
before bagging and double bagging
Double bagging is done in the doorway of the
patient's room prior to removing the bag from the
room
Prevent any wet linens from dissolving the water
soluble bag by wrapping all wet linens in dry used
lines
Have a supply of each type of plastic bag readily
available outside the isolation room
PREPARING DISINFECTANT
After 5 hours of lecture-discussion, the level III nursing students will be
able to:
1. define the following terms:
a. asepsis
b. disinfectants
c. bacteriostatic
d. bactericidal
e. antiseptic
f. fungicide
g. germicide
h. sanitizer
i. sporicide
2. identify the different types of disinfection
3. discuss the different solutions of disinfection as
to their:
a.3.1. indications
b.3.2. contraindications
c.3.3. mechanism of action
d.3.4. side effects
e.3.5. dilution of solution
4. provide examples of other commonly used
antiseptics and disinfectants
5. enumerate the factors that affect the
effectiveness of the method used in disinfection
or sterilization
6. demonstrate beginning skills in preparing
disinfectant
ASEPSIS
- a state of
being free from
disease causing
contaminants
DISINFECTANTS
- are substances that
are applied to non-living
object to destroy
microorganisms that are
lining on the object
BACTERIOSTATIC
- an agent
that inhibits the
growth of bacteria
BACTERICIDAL
- an agent
that kills bacteria
ANTISEPTIC
-any substances
that can kill
microorganisms on
the skin or mucous
membrane
FUNGICIDE
- an agent
that kills fungi
GERMICIDE
- are
antimicrobial
substances or
physical agents
that kill germs
DISINFECTION
- killing of
certain infectious
or pathogenic
outside the body
by a physical or
chemical means
SANITIZER
- chemical agents
typically used or food
handling equipment and
eating utensils to reduce
bacterial numbers goes to
meet public health
standard.
SPORICIDE
- it is an
agents that kills
bacterial
endospores or
fungal spores
 DIFFERENT
TYPES OF
DISINFECTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
- uses methods other than
chemicals to disinfect the
instruments. It includes steam
under pressure
(autoclave),boiling water,
radiation and dry heat.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
Autoclave
-is a device used to sterilize
equipment and supplies by
subjecting them to the
pressure saturated steam at
121°C for around 15-20
minutes depending on the size
of the load and contents
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
Ultraviolet
- ultraviolet light
causes biological
changes which kill
the pathogens
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
Ultrasonic
- sound waves
destroy
pathogens by
vibration. It is very
expensive
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
Boiling water
- boiling water for
about 5 minutes will
destroy all
microorganisms. it is
simple and requires
little equipment
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

PHYSICAL METHOD
Dry heat
- utilizes hot air
that is either
free from water
vapor or has
very little to it.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

CHEMICAL METHOD
-uses chemical to
disinfect the instruments.
It includes gas and
chemical solutions
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

CHEMICAL METHOD
Gas (ethylene
oxide) - infiltrates
incorporate
electronic
components, plastic
packaging or plastic
containers
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

CHEMICAL METHOD
Chemical solution
- uses solutions like
alcohol, chlorine and
formaldehyde.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF DISINFECTION

BIOLOGICAL METHOD
- where a
microorganism is used
to kill other
microorganism.
SOLUTION USED
FOR
DISINFECTION
 MECHANIS SIDE
SOLUTIO INDICATIO CONTRA - DILUTI
M OF EFFEC
N N INDICATION ON
ACTION TS
Alcohol used as do not use denatures 70-
antiseptic on mucous protein 75%
disinfect membrane
equipmen
t use for
home or
health
care
Chlorine use as avoid exposure inhibition of irritant 1:99
antiseptic to flame protein to skin
and choice synthesis; and
of decreased mucous
disinfection oxygen membra
s for uptake; ne
surfaces, oxidation of
food respiratory
preparation components
s and ; decreased
bathrooms adenosine
triphosphate
production;
breaks in
DNA;
Formald used as patient with alkylating strong 0.2%
ehyde preservati hepatic the amino irritant
ve for dysfunction and punge
pathologic sulfhydral nt odor
al groups of
specimen proteins
s and ring
nitrogen
atoms of
purine
bases
Glutar used damage alters naus 2%
aldehy for steam RNA, ea
de steriliz DNA, head
ation of and ache
endosc protein
irritat
opic synthes
ion
and is
dental
instru
ments
 Commonly
used
antiseptic
and
disinfectants
 Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Alcohol-
Alcohols are not recommended for
sterilizing medical and surgical materials
principally because they lack sporicidal
action and they cannot penetrate protein-
rich materials. Alcohols have been used
effectively to disinfect oral and rectal
thermometers, hospital pagers, scissors,
and stethoscopes.
Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Chlorine
-Hypochlorites are widely used
in healthcare facilities in a variety
of settings. Inorganic chlorine
solution is used for disinfecting
tonometer heads 188 and for spot-
disinfection of countertops and
floors.
Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Formaldehyde
- Formaldehyde is used in the
health-care setting to prepare viral
vaccin; as an embalming agent; and
to preserve anatomic specimens;
and historically has been used to
sterilize surgical instruments,
especially when mixed with ethanol
 Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Glutaraldehyde
-Glutaraldehyde is used most
commonly as a high-level disinfectant for
medical equipment such as endoscopes,
spirometry tubing, dialyzers, anesthesia
and respiratory therapy equipment,
hemodialysis proportioning and dialysate
delivery systems, and reuse of
laparoscopic disposable plastic trocars.
Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Lysol
- In the healthcare setting
can be used for environmental
sanitation 30:1000 and for
surgical instruments with a ratio
of 1:1
Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Chlorohexidine
- used after handwashing

Softaman
- all level disinfectant
Commonly used antiseptic and disinfectants

Aniosyme DD1
- used for environment and
instrument 5:1000

Cutasept
- sprayed in the surgical site
after betadine
FACTORS THAT
AFFECT THE
EFFECTIVENESS OF
THE METHOD USED
FOR DISINFECTING OR
STERILIZING
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

SURFACE AREA
-all dirty surfaces and areas
must be fully exposed to
disinfectant and sterilizing agent
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

TEMPERATURE OF THE
ENVIRONMENT
-disinfectants tend to
work best at room
temperature
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

PRESENCE OF SOAP
- soap may cause certain
disinfectants to be
ineffective. Thorough rinsing
of an object is necessary
before disinfecting
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

PRESENCE OF ORGANIC
MATERIALS
-disinfectant can become
inactivated unless blood, saliva
,pus, or body excretions can be
washed off
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

CONCENTRATION OF SOLUTION
AND DURATION OF CONTACT
-a weakened concentration
or shortened exposure to time
may lessen effectiveness
FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE
METHOD USED FOR DISINFECTING OR STERILIZING

TYPES AND NUMBER OF

PATHOGENS
-certain organisms are killed
more easily than others by
disinfection. The greater the
number of pathogens, the longer
the required disinfecting time.