Effects of Air Pollution

on Body Water and Atmosphere

By:
1. Cahyaningrum Ayu A 03211740000028
2. Anggita T. A. 03211740000078
3. Firdaus Pratama W. 03211740000090
4. Vancka Azzahra R. 03211740000092
5. Glady Asri Shafira 03211740000094
Overview of Presentation
Air Pollution
1 Definition, types and sources of air pollution

Effects of Air Pollution on Body Water

2 Definition of body water, pollutants that affect body water, and acid rain

Effects of Air Pollution on Atmosphere

3 Definition of atmosphere, greenhouse gases, greenhouse effects, and stratospheric

ozone depletion

4
 What is Air Pollution?

the introduction of particulates, biological molecules, or other harmful materials

into the Earth's atmosphere, possibly causing disease, death to humans, damage to
other living organisms such as food crops, or the natural or built environment
What are types and sources of air pollution?

Primary Air Pollutant

Harmful substance that is emitted
directly into the atmosphere

Secondary Air Pollutant

Harmful substance formed in the atmosphere
when a primary air pollutant reacts with
substances normally found in the atmosphere
or with other air pollutants
What are its global effects?

Effects of Air Pollution Effects of Air Pollution

on Body Water on Atmosphere
 What is body water?

A body of water or waterbody is any significant accumulation of water, generally on a planet's

surface. The term most often refers to oceans, seas, and lakes, but it includes smaller pools of
water such as ponds, wetlands, or more rarely, puddles. A body of water does not have to be
still or contained; rivers, streams, canals, and other geographical features where water moves
from one place to another are also considered bodies of water
Nitrogen Compounds Mercury Nitrogen Oxides Sulfur Dioxide

Algal bloom or “Red Tide” :

Too much nitrogen in a body of water can cause algae to grow very quickly, clogging
the waterways, and upsetting the pH balance of the ecosystem. Some algal blooms are
toxic. When animals eat the algae they also eat the toxins. Nitrogen compounds in air
pollution are partly the cause of algal blooms, and can also contribute to water bodies
becoming more acidic
Nitrogen compounds Mercury Nitrogen Oxides Sulphur Dioxides

Mercury occurs naturally in the environment but it is also released into the
atmosphere by people, mainly from burning waste, and especially from burning fossil
fuels such as coal. Mercury can dissolve in water, where bacteria in the water
transform it into poisonous methyl mercury. Fish and shellfish absorb methyl mercury
into their bodies. When other animals, such as birds or people, eat the fish, the methyl
mercury gets into their bodies as well.
Nitrogen compounds Mercury Nitrogen Oxides Sulphur Dioxides

What happen
The major if they
sources are2 and
of SO mixed
NOXwith water
in the and oxygen
atmosphere are: in the air?
• Burning
they become of fossil fuelsand
sulfuric to generate electricity.
nitric acids that mixTwowith
thirds of SO2 and one
precipitation andfourth of the
fall to NOX
in the Precipitation
ground. atmosphere come from electric acidic
is considered power generators.
when its pH level is about 5.2 or
• Vehicles and heavy equipment.
below. This is known as “acid rain”
• Manufacturing, oil refineries and other industries.
Acid rain describes any form of precipitation with high levels of nitric and sulfuric acids

Wet Deposition Dry Deposition

Wet deposition is what we most c Acidic particles and gases can also
ommonly think of as acid rain. T deposit from the atmosphere in the
he sulfuric and nitric acids formed i absence of moisture as dry deposition.
n the atmosphere fall to the ground When the accumulated acids are
mixed with rain, snow, fog, or hail washed off a surface by the next rain,
this acidic water flows over through the
ground, and can harm plants and w
ildlife, such as insects & fish.
 Acid rain makes waters acidic, and causes them to absorb the
1 aluminum that makes its way from soil into lakes and streams

It can additionally deteriorate limestone and marble buildings and

2 monuments, like gravestones

Change the composition of soil and bodies of water, making them

3 uninhabitable for local animals and plants

Eventually impacts many more throughout the food chain—including

4 non-aquatic species such as birds
Effects of Air Pollution Effects of Air Pollution
on Body Water on Atmosphere
a thin layer of gases that surrounds the Earth
A layer of greenhouse gases acts as a thermal blanket for the Earth, absorbing heat and warming the
surface to a life-supporting average of 59 degrees Fahrenheit (15 degrees Celsius).
Greenhouse effect of Earth's atmosphere keeps some of If the atmosphere causes too much greenhouse effect,
the Sun's energy from escaping back into space at night. Earth just gets warmer and warmer.
Water vapor
Acts as a feedback to the climate. Water vapor increase as
the Earth's atmosphere warms, but so does the possibility
of cloud and rain, causing a cooling effect. It blocks heat
from escaping.

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

A minor but very important component of the
atmosphere. CO2 released when burning fossil fuels like
coal and oil, from decaying and living things, and volcanos.
This is the most important long-lived "forcing" of climate
change.
 Methane
It traps a lot of heat. Scientist consider it the 2nd
most important contributor to human-caused global
warming of all the greenhouses effect. Also one
which is much less abundant in the atmosphere.

Nitrous oxide
A powerful greenhouse gas produced by soil
cultivation practices, fossil fuel combustion, nitric acid
production, and biomass burning. It damages the
protective ozone layer.

Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs)
CFCs are the only greenhouse gases not created by nature. They were used in refrigerants and aerosol
propellants until they were banned because of their deteriorating effect on Earth's ozone layer.
 • How is the current condition?
It's now known that ozone is destroyed in the
stratosphere and that some human-released chemicals
such as CFC are speeding up the breakdown of ozone,
so that there are ‘holes’ now in our protective shield

• What is ozone hole?

The term ‘ozone hole’ refers to the depletion of the
protective ozone layer in the upper atmosphere (stratos
phere) over Earth's polar regions. People, plants, and
animals living under the ozone hole are harmed by the
solar radiation now reaching the Earth's surface—
where it causes health problems, from eye damage to
skin cancer.
Ozone concentrations over
Antarctica in October 1979
and October 2008. The ozone
hole is the large purple and
blue area in the 2008.
Human activities responsible for polluting the stratosphere may be summed up as follows :
(1) Combustion of Fossil Fuels and Organic Matter :
To this may be added microbial decomposition products of organic matter which discharge plenty of
hydrocarbons into the atmosphere of which methane is one of the most important constituents
which reaches high enough to pollute the stratosphere.
(2) Excessive Use of Nitrogenous Fertilizers :
Microbial action on nitrogenous fertilizers produces nitrous oxide which escapes into the
atmosphere. As this gas is decomposed with difficulty it tends to accumulate in the atmosphere.
Actions of high energy radiations convert it to nitric oxide which is an important ozone-destroying
constituent of the stratosphere.
(3) Excessive Use of Chlorofluorocarbons :
These are mostly halogenated hydrocarbons which under the influence of high energy radiations
break up to yield a chlorine atom. Chlorofluorocarbons are considered to be the most damaging
pollutants of the stratosphere, as they persist in the atmosphere for periods as long as 150 years.
Does global warming have an impact on the stratospheric ozone layer?
Observations show that as greenhouse gases increase and result in heating in the lower atmosph
ere (troposphere), a cooling is occurring in the upper atmosphere (stratosphere). Largely because
heat from Earth's surface that normally would convey through the troposphere and stratosphere,
and eventually escape to space, is now being trapped (or confined to the troposphere).

Temperature change in both the lower stratosphere and the lower troposphere go
in opposite directions--a telling sign of excess carbon dioxide in the troposphere.
Thank you
https://www.ucsusa.org/global-warming/science-and-impacts/sci
ence/ozone-hole-and-gw-faq.html#.W-jenOIxW00