Total Station

Combination of Instruments
• Electronic Theodolite
• Electronic distance meter
• Inbuilt Memory
• Calculator
• Additional Programs
 Advantages
• Provides Horizontal and Vertical Control
From the Same Point
Replaces Conventional Instruments like
• Theodolite,Compass
• Levels
• Plane Table
• Field Book
 How it Measures Angles

• It has two circular glass encoder mounted on for measuring horizontal and
vertical angles

• Glass circle is electronically engraved

• Two detectors are mounted on opposite side to count number of lines

passed

• Converts these rotations as horizontal and vertical Angles and displays it

digitally on L.C.D
 How it measures distance

• It has a laser transmitter and receiver

• A laser is emitted it strikes a target usually a prism it is received and is

interpreted as distance

• Slope distance between the instrument and target is measured and

horizontal distance is then deduced using inbuilt microprocessor
 Leading Manufacturers

• Pentax-Japan
• Sokkia-Japan
• Leica-Swizerland
• Trimble-USA
• Nikon-Japan
• Topcon-Japan
• Horizon-China
 Naming Conventions

Pentax R-325 N Leica Tcr-305 Sokkia Set-510

Pentax R-122 Leica Tc-705 Sokkia 530R

5” Accuracy

R-325 N Non Prism Measurement

Detachable Tribach

R-300 Series
 Working With Total station

• Any Total station has two modes read mode and record mode

• Read Mode
We can read H.angle,V.angle,S.distance,H.distance,v.distance
H.angle
 Menu driven programs

• F1-F5 function keys

• Same keys are used for different menus

• In Pentax We have read mode as mode A

mode A 25 c p-30

H.Angle- 45 20' 30''

V.Angle- 25 20' 30''

H.dst- 3.589 m
V.dst- 1.345 m

S.dst- 3.889 m

Meas Target O-Set Disp Mode

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
 Recording Data

Records Data in the form of Co-ordinates

 Rectangular co-ordinates (X,Y,Z)

 Polar Coordinates (H.angle,V.angle,S.dst)

 Understanding Rectangular Coordinates

Rectangular Y

H.ang Y=dcos(a)
a d

X
X=dsin(a)
 The three axis

If we set 0 0’ 0”” to north direction we get orientation from north, then X and
Y are called Northing and Easting

It is Nothing but latitude and Departure

The third axis is Height (Reduced Level)
It is measured with the following parameters
R.l of the Current point, The V.angle of telescope, Instrument height, Slope
Distance, Prism Height
HEIGHT
 Coordinate system

Two ways of starting the survey

Just like in case of leveling, we start survey with M.s.l or assumed

bench mark
We can start with UTM coordinates or assumed values for X,Y,Z.
U.T.M stands for Universal transverse mercator projection.using G.P.S
We can get the UTM coordinates.
We assume coordinates based on the extent of the boundary to be
surveyed
 Comparison with plane table

Total Station Plane Table

• Levelling and Centering Levelling and Centering

• Station Set Up Station Set Up

Pn-1 (pn-point number) Transfer of ground point to the
x-2000 m paper
Y-2000 m Selection of Scale
z-100 m
I.h-1.2m (I.h-instrument height)
P.c-stn 1 (point code)
 Horizontal Angle set Up

• Total Station Plane Table

Orientation by compass Orientation by compass

(O Set) (Turn Table to North)

Orientation by back Sighting Orientation by back sighting

 Measure

Total Station Plane Table

Enter P.H and P.C for next Point Sight next point Measure
And then measure and Save the Distance and plot

P.H-Prism Height
P.C-Point Code
 Some Additional Programs

• Remote Distance Measurement

Used to Measure Distance between two points directly in field

 Remote Elevation Measurement
• Used to measure the Height of objects directly from the ground