Signals &Systems Powerpoint Presentation by:

Mishra Harshvardhan(17ET1038)
Patil Kalpesh ()

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INDEX
S.No Contents Page.No
1) Introduction 3
2) Energy of Signal 4
3) Energy Signal Examples 5
4) Energy Spectral Density (Y) [ESD] 6
5) ESD Illustation example 7
6) ESD Ilustation 8
8) ESD of Output and Input signal 9
9) References 10

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Introduction
 Energy spectral density describes how the Energy of a signal or a time
series is distributed with frequency.

 An Energy Signal is signal with finite energy.

 When the energy of the signal is concentrated around a finite time
interval, especially if its total energy is finite, one may compute
the energy spectral density.
 The amplitude as a function of frequency is the Spectrum.

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Energy of a Signal (E)
 Let f (t) be an electric potential in Volt applied across a resistance of R = 1
ohm. The total energy dissipated in such a resistance is given by

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 Energy Signal examples
 Condition for Energy Signal : Total energy of signal should be Finite i.e
 = finite area under the curve and axis on which time measured

‘
Eg- 1) 2) 3)

 Note-(in Graph 3) x(t)=e^-t ) 5

Energy Spectral Density (Y)
 The total signal energy in an energy signal is :
 

 xt ) dt   X f ) df
2 2 ……….. By Parseval’s Theorem
Ex 
 

 Where X(f) – F.T{x(t)}

X f )
2
 is called the energy spectral density (ESD) of the signal, x and is
conventionally given the symbol, Y. That is,


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 ESD Illustation example
 Ex) for the rectangular window f(t)
f (t) = T (t) = u (t + T) − u (t − T) . Illustrate its ESD

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Energy Spectral Density Illustration
 Total Energy=

 Eff(w)= (Y) ,
 f= ω /2 π
 Let x=const bandwidth

Also E=

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 ESD of the Input and the Output
 If g(t) and y(t) are the input and the corresponding output of a LTI system,
then


 Thus, the output signal ESD is equal to multiplied by Input ESD

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References :
1. Signals and Systems –A Nagoor Kani
2. EE1 and ISE1 Communications I -Pier Luigi Dragotti
3. Corinth Textbook on ESD- Polytechnique Montréal
4. Stackoverflow.com

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Thank You

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