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Where Pt: transmitted power; Pr: received power; Gt, Gr: antenna
gains; L: system loss factor; : wavelength in meters
18
Free Space Path Loss – Example
If a transmitter produces 50 watts of power, express the
transmit power in units of
a) dBm, and
b) dBW
If 50 watts is applied to a unity gain antenna with a 900
MHz carrier frequency,
a) Find the received power in dBm at a free space distance of 100
m from the antenna.
b) What is Pr (10 km)?
Assume unity gain for the receiver antenna
Pt Gt Gr 2 10 2 1 (0.33) 2
Pr (d ) 10 log
(4d ) 2
10 log
(4 ) 2 (5000) 2
Reflection Coefficients
Er 2 sin t 1 sin i
(E-field in plane of incident)
Ei 2 sin t 1 sin i
Er sin i 1 sin t
2 (E-field normal to plane of incident)
Ei 2 sin i 1 sin t
Wireless Communications - Ch. 3 – Large-Scale Path Loss 32
Reflection from Dielectrics …
Snell’s Law: μ1ε1 sin(90 θi ) μ 2ε 2 sin(90 θ t )
Used to determine θt
Er Ei
Reflected and transmitted field are: E (1 ) E
t i
MS
Base Station
2ht hr
d "d ' (ht hr ) d (ht hr ) d
2 2 2 2
d
Approximation results
from Taylors series and
valid when d >> ht +hr
Reflected Signal
Direct Signal
ht
Diffracted
Signal hr
Transmitter