Shri Govindram Seksaria

Institute of Technology and

Science, Indore

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT for

{
COAL BASED THERMAL POWER PLANT AT
RAIKHEDA VILLAGE, RAIPUR,
CHHATTISGARH
Contents
1.Introduction
2.Project Description
3.Baseline environmental Status
4.Impact Assessment & Mitigation Measures
5.Environmental Monitoring Program
6.Project Benefits
7.Administrative Aspects
Introduction
GMR Chhattisgarh Energy Limited (GCEL) proposed to setup 2x600 MW
coal based Thermal Power Plant at Raikheda village, Tilda block,
Raipur district, Chhattisgarh.
 Project Description
• Need for the project
• Project area and layout -
Sr. No. Particulars Details
1 Plant Location Tilda Block comprising villages of
Raikheda, Gaitara and Chicholi in
Raipur district, Chhattisgarh
2 Plant site coordinates Corner Latitude Longitude
Point
A 21026'44" N 81050'26" E
B 21027'48" N 81050'52" E
C 21027'06" N 81052'07" E
D 21026'25" N 81050'52" E
3 Ash pond coordinates Corner Latitude Longitude
Point
C 21027'06" N 81052'07" E
D 21026'29" N 81050'52" E
D’ 21026'25" N 81051'39" E
4 Colony coordinates Corner Latitude Longitude
Point
X 21027'48" N 81050'52" E
Y 21027'19" N 81051'1" E
Z 21027'30" N 81051'21" E
5 Climatic Conditions (IMD, Raipur)
a) Temperature
Mean maximum 41.90C (May)
Mean minimum 12.70C (December)
b) Mean Annual Rainfall 1252.7 mm
c) Relative Humidity Maximum-86.9% Minimum-18.7%
d) Predominant wind directions Pre-monsoon: W and WSW
Monsoon: W and WSW
Post-monsoon: NE and NNE
Winter: NE and NNE
Annual: W and WSW
6 Climatic conditions at Site
a) Temperature Max: 44.0oC and Min:19.8oC
b) Relative humidity Max:42.1% and Min: 19.1%
c) Predominant wind directions W, WSW and SW
7 Plant site Elevation above MSL 300m above MSL
8 Plant site Topography Generally plain
9 Present land use at the site Land use has been converted to
industrial use. The plant is under
Sr. No. Particulars Details

10 Nearest highway NH-200 (15.0 km, W), State Highway (1.0

km, NE)

11 Nearest railway station Tilda RS (12.0 km, NW)

12 Nearest Airport Raipur (40 km, SW)
13 Nearest major water bodies None with in 10 km radius
14 Water source for the project Mahanadi river (35 km, SE)

15 Nearest town/City Tilda (12.0 km, NW)

16 Nearest village Raikheda (1.0 km, S)

17 Hills/valleys No hills and valleys within 10 km radius

18 Archaeologically important None in 15 km radius
places
19 Protected areas as per Wildlife None in 15 km radius

Protection Act,1972 (Tiger

reserve, Elephant reserve,

Biospheres, National parks,

Wildlife sanctuaries, community

reserves and conservation
reserves)
20 Reserved / Protected Forests Forest blocks:
1. Moherenga PF (0.5 km, E)
2. Khaulidabri PF (5.0 km, ESE)
21 Seismicity Seismic Zone-II as per IS 1893 (Part I):
2002
22 Defence Installations None in 15 km radius area

23 Major industries in 10-km radius Century Cement (6.5 km, NW)

Definition of Environmental Impact Assessment –
EIA is a assessment of all relevent Environmental and resultant social effect
which would be result of a project.

Scope of Study
1. Field Sampling of environmental attributes at various representative
locations in the study area to establish the baseline environmental Status.
2. Estimate pollution loads that would be generated by the proposed project.
3. Predict incremental levels of pollutants in the study area due to proposed
project.
5. Evaluate the predicted impacts on the various environmental attributes by
using scientifically developed & widely accepted EIA modeling
methodologies.
6. Prepare an EMP to mitigate the predicted impacts.
7. Identify critical environmental attributes required to be monitored during
the project execution & to suggest post project monitoring.
 Project Size and Magnitude of
operation including resources
Land requirement – 1300 acres

Fuel source, quality and transportation-

1. Coal from SECL coal mines
2. Annual coal consumption – 6.3MTPA
3. Gross calorific value – 3300 kcal/kg.

Details of proposed power plant

Parameter Unit 100 % Domestic Coal

Plant Capacity MW 1200
Unit Configuration MW 2X600
Coal Heat Value kcal /kg 3300
Sulphur Content % 0.5
Ash content % 41.6
Coal Requirement MTPA 6.3
Water Requirement –
1. Total water requirement for entire project 36 MCM (4100 m3/hr)
2. Water available from Mahanadi river at about 35 km from site.
3. Mahanadi is perennial river with a huge catchment area.
4. Constructional water requirement is around 7.2 MLD
5. They construct pump for withdrawal of fresh water.
 Sr. Units Water Losses Wastewater Remarks
No. Requirement generation
1 Cooling tower 3310 2740 570 350 – Ash Handling Plant
make up 220 – ECET
2 Domestic 20 2 18 10- Green belt,
consumption 8- ECET
3 Service water 20 3 17 17- ECET
4 Boiler Makeup 100 60 40 40 - ECET
5 DM plant 10 0 10 10 – ECET
6 Ventilation 60 60 0 -
100-SLUDGE
7 Pretreatment 580 455 125 25-ECET
TOTAL 4100 3320 780 350 – AHP
320 – Treated Effluent AND
Equalization Tank

10 – STP & Greenbelt

100- sludge

All given values are given in m3/hr.

Other requirement for the plant construction -

• Fire protection system

• Manpower
• Township
• Transport Facilities
• Health & sanitation
Baseline Environmental Status
Study of General parameters
• Temperature
• Rainfall
• Cloud cover
• Relative Humidity
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Wind Speed/direction

Wind rose diagram shows that predominant winds are mostly from W(16.2%),
WSW(15.8%) and SW (13.7%)
Air Quality –
AAQ study of 10km radius around the proposed plant forms the
baseline env. Status
Sources- Traffic, Urban and rural activities.
The design of monitoring network in the air quality survelliance
programme has been based on the foll. Consideration.
• Meteorological conditions on synoptic basis

• Topography of the study area.

• Representatives of likely impact areas.

AAQM stations were set up at 12 locations

Instruments used for sampling

RDS(APM – 460 model) has been used for monitoring TSPM, Respirable fraction
And Gaseous pollutant like So2 and Nox.
Mylar bags were used for collection of CO
Gas chromatography technique has been used for estimation of CO
 EXPECTED STACK EMISSION DETAILS

Sr. no. Parameters Units Values for

1 Stack Height M 275
2 No. of flues No. 2
3 Top diameter m. 7.0
of each flue
4 Flue gas m/s 25.0
velocity in
each flue
5 Flue gas oK 413
temperature
Water Quality-
Purpose of the study –

• Assess the water quality characteristics for critical parameters.

• Evaluate the impact on agricultural productivity habitat conditions, recreational
resources and aesthetics in the vicinity.
• Predict impact on water quality by this project.

Reconnaissance Survey was undertaken and monitoring locations were

finalized based On

• Drainage pattern.
• Locations of residential areas representing different activities.
• Sample were taken as grab sample and analyzed for various parameters to
compare with the IS:10500 for Ground water source and IS:2296 (Class-C)for
Surface sources.
• Samples for Chemical analysis collected in polythene carboys.
• Samples collected for metal content were acidified with 1ml HNo3.
• Samples for bacteriological analysis collected in Sterilized glass bottle,.
• Parameters like temp, Do were analyzed at the time of sample collection.

Results –
Surface water Quality –
• pH – 6.7- 6.8
• TDS – 196mg/l – 348mg/l
• DO – 6.2 -6.8mg/l
• Chlorides – 14.2 – 78 mg/l
• Sulphates – 3.0 – 7.9 mg/l
Surface quality does not indicate any industrial contaminations
Ground water Quality –
7 bore well and 2 open well water sample have been considered for sampling
• pH – 7.1 – 7.8
• Total hardness – 130 – 986 mg/l
• Chlorides – 14.2 – 428.9 mg/l
• Sulphates – 0.6 – 96.1 mg/l
• TDS – 198 – 1986 mg/l
Ground water quality in the study area does not indicate any industrial
contamination
Soil Characteristics –

• 10 locations within 10km radius.

• At each location three different depth at 30cm, 60cm, 90cm below the surface.

Compared with IS :2720 & Method of Soil analysis Part-1, 2nd edition, 1986
(American Society for Agronomy and soil Science Society of American).
Noise level survey –

Sound pressure level measurement were measured at all locations.

Day noise level monitored during 6am – 10 pm
& night noise level during 10pm – 6am

Observation
Day time noise level – 43.4 dB – 64 dB
Night time noise level – 39.4 dB – 58.2 dB

Expected Noise Level In Plant

Sr. No. Unit Expected Noise

level dB(1km
away)
1 Turbine unit 80-85
2 Cooling tower 65-70
3 Air compressors 80-85
4 Transformers 70-75
5 Boiler 80-85
Flora and Flauna Studies –

For EIA studies there should be no sanctuaries or national parks,

Tiger reserves 15km radius from proposed power plant site.

Demography and Socio-economic studies

Anticipated Impact Assessment &
Mitigating Measures -
Impacts during Construction Phase

• Land use
• Soil
• Topography
• Terrestrial
• Air Quality
• Water quality
• Noise level
Impacts during operational phase -

• Topography and climate

• Air environment
• Water resources and quality
• Land use
• Soil quality
• Solid waste
• Noise level
• Terrestrial & aquatic ecology
• Infrastructural Facilities
Impact on air quality –

Dust emission expected from coal storage yard, coal conveyer belt area, ash
dumping areas, transportation of fuel and solid waste.
Fly ash is important air pollutant. Therefore, ESP with ≥99.9
% efficiency shall be provided to prevent ash dispersion into ambient air.
HCSD system of ash stacking will be practiced
No dust emission are envisaged from dump areas.
Fuel received through rail line and solid waste to dyke area through pipe
lines.
Inner roads are asphalted to reduce dust.

Impact on water resources and water quality –

Water requirement will be met from Mahanadi river.

No impact on ground source
Storm water collected in the water tank and utilized in the operation.
Impact on Solid Waste –

Ash is the major solid waste to be generated

Coal Consumption – 6.3 MTPA
Ash generated in the form- bottom ash i.e. 80%
& fly ash i.e. 20%
365 m3/hr of waste water used for ash handling system.
10m3/hr used for green belt
100 m3/hr is in the form of sludge
Remaining 320 m3/hr of wastewater will be collected and treated in different
Units And reuse for cooling tower make-up.
Zero discharge concept has adopted.

Impact on land use –

Plant area – 1300acres in which 400 acres of the land use for ash diaposal.
Green belt developed in about 230 acre
 EXPECTED ASH GENERATION
Quantity of
Sr. no. Type of Solid generation Mode of Disposal
Waste 100% domestic coal
1 Ash (MTPA) 2.62 Will be sent to cement industries in
dry form Un-utilized ash will be
Bottom ash 0.52 disposed into lined ash pond through
Fly ash 2.10 (HCSD Technology)

Impact on soil - No major impact

Impact on ecology –

Proposed to develop greenbelt with an average width of about 10m to 100m

around plant site.
Impact on noise level –

Main source – pumps, cooling tower and Boiler

Noise level – 80dB – 90 dB

Impact on Work Zone –

Boilers & cooling towers are high noise generating equipments in the Plant site
Therefore the occupational noise exposure to the worker in the form of 8hourly
time Weighted average will be maintained.
Environmental Management Plan
During Construction phase

Land environment Mangement –

Tree plantation shall be taken up during construction stage.
Approach road to project site shall be appropriate widened and strengthened
To facilitate vehicular movement.

Air quality mangement

• Water sprinkling
• Asphalting in the roads
• Proper maintenance of vehicles and construction equipment
• Tree plantation
• Sedimentation tank to retain the solids from runoff water
• Packaged STP/septic tanks to treat sanitary waste at labour colony
• Utilizing the wastewater in greenbelt development
Noise level Management –
Good maintenance of vehicular and construction equipment
Restriction of construction activities to day time only
Plantation of trees around the boundary to attenuate the noise
Provision of earplugs and earmuffs to workers

Ecological Management –
The greenbelt having vegetation density of 1500 tree/ha will be developed.

Social Construction Management –

Construction activities provide employment to nearby people.
For 1000 worker, septic tanks and soak pits developed for disposal of
Sanitary waste.
During operational phases

Air Pollution Management

The mitigative measures that will be followed to control the impact on air
Environment are:
• Installation of ESPs of 99.99% efficiency to limit the PM concentrations below 50
mg/Nm3 ;
• Provision of 275 m high stack for wider dispersion of gaseous emissions;
• Provision of Low NOx Burners for control of NOx emissions;
• Provision of water sprinkling system at coal handling;
• Transportation of ash by closed bulkers;
• Continuous water sprinkling at ash pond to prevent generation of fugitive dust
• Cement concrete roads within the plant area;
• Development of greenbelt around the plant to arrest the fugitive dust emissions.
Water Pollution Management
• Reuse/recycle of wastewater generated;
• Utilizing wastewater for sprinkling over ash disposal area to arrest fugitive
dust;
• Provision of sewage treatment plant to treat domestic sewage from plant and
colony;
• Treated domestic wastewater for greenbelt development;
• Lining of guard pond suitably to prevent any seepage into ground to avoid
possible groundwater contamination
• Lining of ash pond to prevent percolation of water into ground
• Suitable rainwater harvesting structures will be constructed.
Noise Pollution Management
• Equipment will conform to noise levels prescribed by regulatory authorities
• Provision of acoustic enclosures to noise generating equipment like pumps
• Provision of thick greenbelt to attenuate the noise levels
• Provision of earplugs to the workers working in high noise level area.

Solid Waste Management

• Supply of dry fly ash to maximum extent to cement industries in the region
• Disposing the used oil to authorized recyclers;
• Bottom ash shall be disposed off in lined ash pond (HCSD Technology)
• Sufficient moisture content shall be maintained in the ash pond to prevent
fugitive dust
• Organic portion of sludge waste generated in the STP shall be used as
manure in greenbelt development
• Maintaining the data base on solid waste generation.
Greenbelt Development
Greenbelt with a width of 50 m to 100 m will be developed around the plant
site. The total greenbelt around the power plant complex will be about
230 acre. In the proposed greenbelt about 1, 39500 trees will be planted with a
density of 1500 trees/ha. A capital cost of Rs. 1 Crores will be earmarked
for this purpose.

Greenbelt Development Schedule

Sr. no. Year Area(m2) No. Sapling

1 1st year 46.0 27900
2 2nd year 46.0 27900
3 3rd year 46.0 27900
4 4th year 46.0 27900
5 5th year 46.0 27900
Total 230 139500
 Environmental Monitoring Program
Objectives of Monitoring

• Verify effectiveness of planning decisions

• Measure effectiveness of operational procedures
• Identify unexpected change

Monitoring on
• Air emissions
• Noise
• Wastewater discharge
• Soil erosion
• Drainage and effluent management
• Waste Management
• Non-routine events and accidential releases
• Health
• Environmental Mangement Cell/unit
• Loss of flora and fauna
Project Benefits
• Availability of quality power
• Improvements in the physical infrastructure
• Improvement in the social infrastructure
• Environmental Potential
• Provide employments to the nearby people
• Locality development like road, transportation, educational, medical
facilities
• Overall project change living standards of the village people
Administrative Aspects
Institutional Arrangements for Environmental Protection and Conservation
References
• www.vimta.com

• www.gmrgroup.in
THANK YOU