Introduction

An amplifiers is a circuit which increases the

strength of weak signal
Classification of Amplifiers
amplifiers are classified in the following ways
1 . According to the type of load impedance : According to this method of classification amplifiers may be classified as
a . Un tuned amplifiers
b . Tuned amplifiers
Un tuned amplifiers may further be classified be as
I . Audio frequency amplifiers
ii . Video frequency amplifiers
Tuned amplifiers may further be classified as
I . Single tuned amplifiers
ii . Double tuned amplifiers
iii . Stagger tuned amplifiers
2 . According to the frequency range : According to this method of the classification amplifiers may be
classified as
a . D.C amplifiers (for zero frequency or d . c)
b . Audio frequency amplifiers (20 Hz to 20 KHz)
c . Video frequency amplifiers (0 to few MHz(5MHz))
d .Ultra- high frequency and microwave amplifiers (up to several GHz)
3 .According to the number of stages and method of coupling :
The amplifiers may be classified as
a . Single stage amplifiers and
b . Multistage amplifiers
Multistage amplifiers may further be classified according the method of coupling i.e., the output
of one stage to the input of the. Next. These are classified as
I . Direct – coupled amplifiers
ii . R . C Coupled amplifiers and
iii . Transformer coupled amplifiers
4. According to the primary function : The amplifiers may be classified as
a . Small signal amplifiers and
b . Large signal amplifiers.
5. According to method of operation : The portion of operating point and the extent of the characteristics used
determine the category of operation. Thus amplifiers may be classified as
a . Class A amplifiers
b . Class B amplifiers
c . Class AB amplifiers and
d . Class C amplifiers
6. According to ground connection : According to this method of classification amplifiers may be classified as
a . Common emitter amplifiers
b . Common base amplifiers
c . Common collector amplifiers

PRACRANSISTTICAL TOR AMPLIFIER :

1 . Basing circuit :The resistor R1,R2 AND RF form the biasing and stabilization circuit
2 . Input capacitor Cin: An electrolytic capacitor C in is used to couple the sing to the base of the
transistor. The capacitor C in allows only a . c sing to flow but isolates the signal source from R2.If t is not used
,the signal source resistance will come acrossr2 and thus change the bas. Typical value of C in is 10 uF
3. Emitter bypass capacitor CE : AN EMITTER BYPASS CAPACITOR CE is used in parallel with re to
provide a low reactance a . c signal. If it is not used, then amplified a .ac signal flowing through RE will cause
a voltage drop across it, thereby reducing the output voltage. Typical value of Cin is 100 Uf
4 . Coupling capacitor Cc : The coupling capacitor cc Couples one stage of amplifier to the stage. If it is
not used ,the bias conditions of the next stage will be drastically changed due to parallel with the resistance
R1 of the biasing network of the next stage . Thereby it alters the biasing conditions of next stage. The
coupling capacitor cc isolates the d.c of one stage form the next stage, but allows the passage of a.c signal
typical value of cc is 10 uF
Multistage Transistor amplifier :A transistor circuit
containing more than one stage of amplification is known as
multistage transistor amplifier. In this amplifier a number of
single amplifier stages are connected in cascade arrangement.
Cascading means the output of first stage is connected to the
input of the second stage through a suitable coupling device
Important Terms :
Gain : The ratio of the output electrical quantity to the input
electrical quantity is known as its gain. The gain of multistage
amplifier is equal to the product of gain of individual stages. Let
A1,A2,A3……… are the voltage gain of individual amplifier stage of
a multistage amplifier. The total voltage gain is give by A = A1
A2A3
R.C COUPLED AMPLIFIER
Working : When the input voltage is applied to the base of the
first transistor through a input capacitor Cin, it appearing the
amplified form across its collector load Rc. The output of the
first stage s given to the base of the next stage through coupling
capacitor Cc . The second stage does further amplification of the
signal