Sec 1.

3 Differential Equations as
Mathematical Models

Sec 3.1 Linear Model

Where it appear
Mechanical Eng.

x' '2x' x  f (t )
2

Dr. Faisal fairag

 Chemical Eng.

dA
 ( Input rate of salt) - ( Output rate of salt)
dt
dA
 Rin  Rout
dt Dr. Faisal fairag
 Electrical Eng.

2
d q dq 1
L 2  R  q  E (t )
dt dt C Dr. Faisal fairag
 Civil Eng.

2
d y dy 2
2
 (w / T ) 1  ( )  0
dx dx
Dr. Faisal fairag
Heat Transfer

dT
 k (T  Tm )
dt Dr. Faisal fairag
 Civil Eng.

2
d x
m 2  F ( x)  g (t )
dt Dr. Faisal fairag
 dv
m  mg  kv
dt
Dr. Faisal fairag
 Sec 1.3 Differential Equations as
Mathematical Models
Sec 3.1 Linear Model

Behavior
of some real-life system Mathematical Model
or phenomenon

Construction of a Mathematical model:

STEP 1: Identification of the variables

STEP 2: We make some reasonable assumptions (physical laws)

 Mathematical
Assumptions Express DE Formulation

If necessary alter

Solve DE
assumptions

Check model
Predictions with Obtain
Known facts Display graphically Solutions
Applications

1.Population Dynamics*
2.Radioactive Decay*
3.Spread of Disease*
4.Chemical Reactions
5.Newton’s Law of Cooling*
6.Mixtures*
7.Draining a Tank
8.Series Circuits
9.Falling Bodies
10.Falling Bodies and Air Resistance
11.Suspended Cables
 EXAMPLE:

When a pizza is removed from an oven. Its temperature is measured at 300 F.

Three minutes later its temperature is 200 F. How long will it take for the pizza
to cool off to a room temperature of 70 F?

Newton’s Law of Cooling-Warming: the rate at which the tempof a body changes
is proportional to the difference between the temp of the body and the temp of
the surrounding.

t  time
T(t)  temp of the pizza at time t
dT
 the at which t he temp of the pizza changes
dt

dT
 (T  Tm )
dt
 EXAMPLE:

When a pizza is removed from an oven. Its temperature is measured at 300 F.

Three minutes later its temperature is 200 F. How long will it take for the pizza
to cool off to a room temperature of 70 F?

Newton’s Law of Cooling-Warming: the rate at which the tempof a body changes
is proportional to the difference between the temp of the body and the temp of
the surrounding.

230 exp(-0.19018 t)+70

240

220

200

180

160

140

120

100

80

0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
time in minutes
 #14/p99:

A thermometer is taken from a inside room to the outside, where the air
temperature is 5F. After I minute the thermometer reads 55F, and after 5
minutes it reads 30F. What is the initial temperature of the inside room?

Newton’s Law of Cooling-Warming: the rate at which the temp of a body changes
is proportional to the difference between the temp of the body and the temp of
the surrounding.
 #1/p99:

The population of a community is known to increase at a rate proportional to

the number of people present at time t. If an initial population P_0 has doubled
in 5 years, how long will it take to triple? Quadruple?

Population: The population of a community is known to

increase at a rate proportional to the number of people present at time t
Population: The population of a community is known to
increase at a rate proportional to the number of people present at time t

2002 0 23,500,000 c  23,500,000

2425
k  ln  0.0314
2003 1 24,250,000 2350

P(t )  23,500,000e0.0314t Interested:

2007  t  5  P(5)  27,495,000
See #39/101
Read sec 3.2
A large tank held 300 gallons of brine solution. input rate
Salt was entering and leaving the tank; a brine
3 gal/min
solution was being pumped into the tank at the
rate of 3 gal/min. it mixed with the solution there,
and then the mixture was pumped out at the rate
of 3 gal/min. The concentration of the salt in the
inflow was 2 lb/gal. If 50 pounds of salt were
dissolved initially in the 300 gallons, how much
salt is in the tank after 10 min?

A(t )  amount of salt at time t

dA 300
 the rate at which A(t) changes
dt gallons
dA  input rate   output rate 
     
dt  of salt   of salt 
 R in  R out
Rin  input rate at which salt enters
Rout  output rate at which salt leaves Output rate
3 gal/min
 A large tank held 300 gallons of brine solution. Salt was entering and
leaving the tank; a brine solution was being pumped into the tank at the input rate
rate of 3 gal/min. it mixed with the solution there, and then the mixture
was pumped out at the rate of 3 gal/min. The concentration of the salt in 3 gal/min
the inflow was 2 lb/gal. If 50 pounds of salt were dissolved initially in the
300 gallons, how much salt is in the tank after 10 min?

dA
 R in  R out
dt

 concentrat ion   input rate 

   
R in   of salt    of 
 inflow   brine 
    300
gallons

R in  2 lb/gal   3 gal/min   6 lb/min

 concentrat ion   output rate 

   
R out  of salt    of 
 outflow   brine 
   
R in  ? lb/gal   3 gal/min  Output rate
3 gal/min
A large tank held 300 gallons of brine solution. Salt was entering and
leaving the tank; a brine solution was being pumped into the tank at the input rate
rate of 3 gal/min. it mixed with the solution there, and then the mixture
was pumped out at the rate of 3 gal/min. The concentration of the salt in 3 gal/min
the inflow was 2 lb/gal. If 50 pounds of salt were dissolved initially in the
300 gallons, how much salt is in the tank after 10 min? how much salt in
the tank after a long time?

dA A
 6  A(0)  50
dt 100
Sol:
t
A(t)  600  Ce 100 A(0)  50  C  550
t
A(t)  600  550e 100







300
gallons
10 600

A( 10 )  600  550e 100 550

500

 102.3394 Amount
450

400
of
Salt
350
A
300

250

200

150

100
Output rate
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
Time (minutes) 3 gal/min
 A tank held 200 liters of fluid in which 30 grams of salt is dissolved.
#19 Brine containing 1 gram of slat per liter is then pumped into the tank at a input rate
p99 rate of 4 L/min; the well-mixed solution is pumped out at the same rate.
Find the number A(t) of grams of salt in the tank at time t. 4 L/min

200
liters

Output rate
4 L/min
 Chapter-Summary
Next week (mond –wed)
Chapter # 1 and
Chapter # 2
Date of Expected Date
GROUP Members Chapter
submission for presentation
1)AL-GHAMDI, MOHAMMAD TURKI
2)AL-ZAHRANI, AHMAD ALI AHMAD Mon 2/25/2008
GROUP 1 1
3)L-HADI, MOHAMMAD SALEH HADAJ 11:58 AM
4)AL-MUTAIRI, ABDUL-LATIF THUWAINI
1)Khalid Abdulghani
2)Khaldoon Al-Azzah
3)Yousef Al-Shaheen Mon 2/25/2008
GROUP 2 2
4)Abdulrahman Al-Saggaf 12:24 PM
5)Mohammad Bawazeer
6)Ibraheem Alsufyani