Group 3

I Putu Bagus Yustitio Mahayuta

Meryta Callista
Ni Putu Indri Widyasanti
Ni Made Sintia Pujiastari
Nyoman Wikandari
Jacob Maia Camoes
Definition
 Heart Attack is the number one killer of the adult
population in the United States. It has been in first place
since the turn of the last century.

 A heart attack occurs when there is a blockage of

blood flow to the heart. It often occurs from a blood
clot in the coronary artery, and therefore, is a problem
associated with a lack of blood circulation. If the
blockage is not treated in time, the heart is deprived of
oxygen-rich blood and the heart muscle begin to die
Risk factors
A heart attack is most often caused by narrowing of
the arteries by cholesterol plaque and their
subsequent rupture. This is known as
atherosclerotic heart disease (AHSD) or coronary
artery disease (CAD).
The risk factors for AHSD are the same as those
for stroke (cerebrovascular disease) or peripheral
vascular disease. These risk factors include:
 a family history or heredity,
 cigarette smoking,
 high blood pressure,
 high cholesterol, and
 diabetes.
Symptoms
Symptoms of a heart attack can occur gradually and span
over hours, days, or even weeks. But they can also occur
suddenly. Particularly, if the symptoms are slow to occur, a
person suffering from a heart attack may ignore the
symptoms. Seeking treatment sooner rather than later
significantly increases a person’s chance of surviving.
Signs and Symptoms of Heart
Attack. Consider the following:
 pain that radiates from the chest area to
the neck, arms, shoulders, or the jaw,
 shortness of breath,
 dizziness,
 nausea,
 chills and sweating,
 weak pulse,
 cold and clammy skin, gray pallor, a severe
appearance of illness.
Diagnosis
Diagnosis and treatment tend to occur at the same time in
patients who are experiencing chest pain. If there is concern
that heart muscle is at risk, delays need to be minimized so that
blood supply to that muscle can be restored.

Heart Attack Diagnosis: Other Tests

The electrocardiogram ( ECG OR EKG ), blood tests, and chest

X-ray are other tests that are likely to be performed to assist
with the diagnosis.
Prevention
Fortunately, there are many things you can do to reduce your
chances of getting heart disease:

 Control your blood pressure.

 Keep your cholesterol and triglyceride levels under control.
 Limit alcohol.
 Don't smoke.
 Manage stress.
 Manage diabetes.
 Make sure that you get enough sleep.
Treatment
 Heart Attack Treatment
If the EKG shows that there is an acute
heart attack (myocardial infarction), the
goal is to open the blocked artery as
soon as possible and restore blood
supply to the heart muscle.
Treatments must be done in a hospital
and include administration of clot-
busting drugs to dissolve the clot at the
site of the ruptured plaque and heart
catheterization and angioplasty (in which
the blood vessel is opened by balloon,
often with adjunctive placement of
a stent), or both.
Not all hospitals have the equipment or
cardiologists available to perform
emergency heart catheterizations, and
thrombolytic therapy (the use of clot-
busting drugs) may be the first step to
open the blood vessel and return blood
supply to the heart muscle.
Updating
Current State of Cardiovascular Health in the United
States: What’s New?
 Findings continue to accumulate from US and
international studies showing a strong protective
association between ideal cardiovascular health
metrics and many clinical and preclinical conditions,
including premature all-cause mortality, CVD
mortality, ischemic heart disease mortality, HF,
carotid arterial wall stiffness, coronary artery calcium
progression, impaired physical function, cognitive
decline, stroke, depression, end-stage renal disease,
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, deep venous
thromboembolism, and pulmonary embolism.
 New data reported this year expand this
list to include the positive association of
cardiovascular health metrics with better
leukocyte telomere length and reduced
mean healthcare expenditures.
 A recent major study in blacks found that
the risk of incident HF was 61% lower
among those with ≥4 ideal
cardiovascular health metrics than
among those with 0 to 2 ideal metrics.
Refrences

http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/572425
https://medlineplus.gov/howtopreventheart
disease.html
https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/CI
R.0000000000000558
THANKYOU