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End-of-Life Design
Preservation,
Maintenance, and Construction
Rehabilitation
Use
CAUSES OF PAVEMENT DETERIORATION
Causes Descriptions
1. Weathering/ Cause embrittlement and failure of the
surface water/ binder, with gradual loss of fine and
fuel spillage coarse aggregate.
2. Traffic Leading to fatigue, crazing and structural
Loading failure.
3. Thermal Changes in temperature between night
Movement and day, and seasonally cause expansion
and contraction of carriageway.
4. Moisture Swelling and shrinkage of sub-grades
Movement containing clays and silt may occur due
to changes in moisture content.
5. Slippage Form due to friction from braking or
Cracking turning wheels.
Causes Descriptions
6. Differential Occurs at boundaries of different
movement construction which gives rise to adverse
flexure stresses.
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7. Reflective Occurs with composite pavement
joint cracking construction.
8. Pushing Permanent longitudinal displacement of
a localised area of the flexible pavement
surface by traffic.
9. Potholes Small bowl depressions where water
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collecting inside the hole causes further
deterioration.
10. Rutting Formation of depression or tracks in
the pavement surface caused by wheel
loads and high temperature.
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MAINTENANCE vs REHABILITATION
Maintenance and rehabilitation are what we use to slow down or reset
this deterioration process.
MAINTENANCE REHABILITATION
Maintenance actions, such as Rehabilitation is the act of repairing
crack sealing, joint sealing, fog portions of an existing pavement to
seals and patching. reset the deterioration process.
2. Pavement rehabilitation:
Structural enhancements that extend the service life of an existing
pavement and/or improve its load-carrying capacity.
3. Pavement reconstruction:
Replacement of the entire existing pavement structure by the
placement of the equivalent or increased pavement structure.
Pavement Maintenance Activities
1. Ordinary Repairs
Routine activities which are required irrespective of traffic or
engineering characteristics of the road; e.g. grass cutting, repair
to road furnishes, drain maintenance and recurrent activities
(repair potholes).
2. Periodical Renewal
Application of a renewal coat of surfacing at periodical intervals.
3. Special Repairs
May a rise an account of damage by floods or natural calamities
or small geometrical improvements that can bring forth-positive
improvements in traffic operation.
4. Urgent Repairs
Can’t be anticipated but have to be carried but on immediate
basis, e.g. flood damage repairs, removal of road blockage etc.
PROBLEMS OF HIGHWAY REHABILITATION
Insufficient funds to adequately repair and rehabilitate every
roadway section that deteriorates.
Roads may be in poor condition but are still usable, making
it easy to defer repair projects until conditions become
unacceptable.
Gradual deterioration of a pavement occurs due to many
factors, including variations in climate, drainage, soil
conditions, and truck traffic.
When funds are extremely limited, agencies often respond
to either the most pressing and severe problems or the ones
that generate the most vocal complaints.
APPROACHES TO PAVEMENT MANAGEMENT
Pavement management - various strategies that can
be used to decide on a pavement restoration and
rehabilitation policy.
Plans that establish minimum standards for
pavement condition and seek to establish the type of
treatment required and the time frame for project
completion.
Systematic process for maintaining, upgrading, and
operating physical pavement assets in a cost
effective manner.
IMPORTANCE OF PAVEMENT
CONDITION DATA
1. Establishing Project Priorities
Data on pavement condition are used to establish the relative
condition of each pavement and to establish project priorities.
There are several methods of data acquisition, and each state
selects that combination of measures it considers most
appropriate.
2. Establishing Options
Pavement condition data can be used to develop a long term
rehabilitation program.
Data about pavement condition in terms of type, extent, and
severity are used to determine which available rehabilitation
options should be selected.
IMPORTANCE OF PAVEMENT CONDITION DATA (CONT.)
3. Forecasting Performance
By use of correlations between pavement performance indicators
and variables such as traffic loadings, it is possible to predict the
likely future condition of any given pavement section.
This information is useful for preparing long-range budget
estimates of the cost to maintain the highway system at a
minimum standard of performance or to determine future
consequences of various funding levels.
METHODS FOR DETERMINING ROADWAY
CONDITION
1. Pavement roughness (ride ability)
Sectional View
Plan View
Importance of Pavement Drainage
1. Moisture (water) in soil subgrade may cause
considerable instability thus lead to pavement failure
to subgrade.
2. Water can use reduction in strength of many
pavement materials like stabilized soils.
3. Erosion of soil from the top of un-surfaced road and
slopes of embankment due to surface water.
4. Surface water may reduce the tyre-road interface
contact which leads to reduction in skid resistance.
5. Variation in moisture content.
Highway Safety Device
1. Types of safety devices;
Guardrails
Barriers
Impact attenuators
Pedestrian overpass and underpass
Fence to restrict access of pedestrians and animals
Command attention