ANTENNAS

Is a device used to
transmit and receive
radio waves. It converts
the wave guided by the
transmission line into
electromagnetic waves
that can be transmitted
through free space. Is a piece of conductive
material to which a
Is a metallic structure signal is applied and
that captures and/or this is radiated by the
transmits radio free space. The
electromagnetic waves. antennas must provide
the radiated wave with
a directional aspect..
 PARTS OF THE ANTENNAS
YAGI–UDA ANTENNA

This type of antenna is that they have several elements. This brings two advantages:
• They are very directive, since the additional elements, called directors, have the mission of
directing the signal to a single place.

• Its gain that increases with the directing elements.

The construction of these antennas regarding the size and separation distance of each element is not
random.
 PARTS OF THE ANTENNAS
PARABOLIC ANTENNA

Horn Antenna: The waveguide has come to this portion. The certain volume of
electromagnetic wave comes here with high energy. For radiation, the horn antenna acts
like a radial source.
Parabolic Sub-reflector: The high energetic volume of electromagnetic wave radiated
from the horn antenna comes to the sub-reflector and reflected back to the main reflector.
Parabolic Main Reflector: The reflected electromagnetic wave from sub reflector comes
to the main reflector and according to the law of reflection of the reflected parallel waves, it
radiates finally for the travel to satellite.
 PARTS OF THE ANTENNAS
DIPOLE ANTENNA

The dipole antenna is formed by two branches, of 1/4 wave each, connected in
the center, one with the mesh and the other with the coaxial cable.
• A directional antenna is an antenna
capable of concentrating most of the
radiated energy in a localized manner,
thus increasing the power emitted to the
receiver or from the desired source and
avoiding the interference introduced by
unwanted sources.
• They orient the signal in a very specific
direction with a narrow beam, but with a
long range, it acts in a similar way to a
light source, but in an intense way.
• In general, the beam or aperture and the
range are inversely proportional, that is,
the greater the aperture, the smaller the
range and the smaller the aperture.
 TYPES.

• Parabolic antennas, offer a much

better performance than dipole
antennas when you want to
concentrate a large part of the
radiation in a desired direction,
with a gain of 29 dBi that can be
mounted with horizontal or
vertical polarization, with these
you get the largest range , you
can reach 5 km away.
• Yagi (pronounced "yaguis"), they are like the television antennas, they also have a
great reach and it is not so complex to orient them.

• Planares or Panels, although they do not have as much scope, but it is much easier to
orient them and they are not as bulky as the previous ones, so their installation is very
simple.
OMNIDIRECTIONAL
ANTENNAS
Is a class of antenna which
radiates equal radio power in
all directions perpendicular
to an axis an axis, with
power varying with angle to
the axis (elevation angle),
declining to zero on the axis
 FUNCTIONING
1.The omnidirectional antenna
is remotely interconnected
with the device that
broadcasts the wireless signal
(Wi-Fi / WLAN *) by means of
cable from the coaxial family,
and is positioned in the area
that is desired to be covered.
1.The wireless devices
(smartphone, netbook, laptop,
PDA, tablet, etc.), use the
connectivity offered by the
omnidirectional antenna as a
means to request access in the
wireless router or access
point.
 CHARACTERISTICS
It behaves as a passive extension It is designed to connect in
of the device that broadcasts the devices that have removable
wireless network, since it does not antennas, since otherwise it
have important amplification is not possible to connect
functions, only for signal transport. them.

The wireless transmission technology is based on

radio waves of specific frequencies, which are
Omnidirectional means able to pass through walls (however, between
that it allows sending and each obstacle this signal loses strength and its
receiving data in all coverage is reduced, which is why the
directions and directions omnidirectional antenna is placed in strategic
places, to take the signal where it did not exist or
where it was weak.
 EXAMPLES

• Corner reflector – A directive antenna

with moderate gain of about 8 dBi often
used at UHF frequencies. Consists of a
dipole mounted in front of two reflective
metal screens joined at an angle,
usually 90°. Used as a rooftop UHF
television antenna and for point-to-point • Corner reflector UHF TV antenna with
data links. "bowtie" dipole driven element
• Whip – Type of antenna used on mobile
and portable radios in the VHF and UHF
bands such as boom boxes, consists of a
flexible rod, often made of telescoping
segments. (IIT ROORKEE, 2015)

• Quarter-wave whip antenna on an FM

radio for 88-108 MHz
• Rubber Ducky – Most common antenna
used on portable two way radios and
cordless phones due to its compactness,
consists of an electrically short wire
helix. The helix adds inductance to
cancel the capacitive reactance of the
short radiator, making it resonant. Very
low gain.
• Rubber Ducky antenna on UHF 446 MHz
walkie talkie with rubber cover removed
• Collinear – Consist of a number of
dipoles in a vertical line. It is a high gain
omnidirectional antenna, meaning more
of the power is radiated in horizontal
directions and less into the sky or
ground and wasted. Gain of 8–10 dBi.

• VHF collinear array of folded dipoles

• Quad – Although “quad” can refer to a
single quadrilateral-shaped loop, the
term usually refers to two or more loops
stacked side by side; at first glance,
quads resemble a box kite frame. One
loop in the quad is connected to the
• A two-element quad antenna used by an
feedline and functions as the driver for
amateur radio station
the antenna and is the main signal
radiator