 Objectives of the internship

 Background of OROMIA BROADCASTING

NETWORK
 Main activity performed
 Major challenge we faced
 Measures in overcoming the challenges
 Benefits gained from the internship
 Conclusion and Recommendation
 Develop and realizing the theoretical knowledge
with practical view
 Understand cooperative working and what external
environments looks like.
 Get work experiences from different companies.
 Be acquainted with different types of environments
companies and resources in Ethiopia.
 Oromia Broadcasting Network (OBN) is one of
the first regional media which is found in Oromia
regional state. It was started November 23 1999E.C
 Oromia Radio is established on March 16, 2000 E.C
and Television on March 16, 2001.
 Mission and vision of Oromia Broadcasting Network.
 Service of Oromia Broadcasting Network.
 The main customer or the end users of the products
 production process of the company
TV and
radio production
 The OBN have four substation for the internship students
A. Radio broadcasting
B. Television broadcasting
C. Maintenance room
D. System administration part
E. Ict part
 Radio is the wire less transmission of signal through free space by
electromagnetic radiation of a frequency significantly below that of
visible light
 Radio broadcasting is the transmission or the distribution of sound
signals using the electrical energy.
 The radio broadcasting section has four main rooms, these are;
1) Studio Room
2) Control Room
3) AM radio transmitter
4) FM radio transmitter
5) antenna
 There are two radio studios:Studio A and studio B.
 Both studio wall of OBN is constructs from acoustic
materials
 Acoustic material have ability to absorb redundant noise
& enhance transmission of sound
 The studio room has the following equipment that has
their own purpose:
 Microphone
 headphone
 Warning light
 Time display
 computer
 The control room has the following devices to
perform the whole controlling activities
 mixer
 CD burner
 Equalizer
 Marantz
 CD-player
 telos
 Oromia Broadcasting Network Radio Transmitter room
consists of two transmitters these are 10kw transmitter (TX A)
which is functional and 1kw transmitter (TX B) stand by.
a) oscillator

b) Buffer amplifier

c) Pre-driver

d) Analog to digital converter

e) Modulation encoder and etc.

 FM Radio transmission is one of radio transmission system
by using frequency modulation technique.
 An antenna is an electromagnetic device which
can converts electric power into a radio Waves
and vice versa.
 It is usually used with both AM and FM Radio
and Terrestrial Television transmitter and receiver.
 Types of antenna
 Folded dipole antenna
It is used for FM radio transmitter.
 Monopole antenna
It is used for AM radio transmitter.
 TV broadcasting is the transmission of electromagnetic audio
and video signals from its station (studio) to the receiver.
 The conversion of sound and picture signals into electrical
signal take place inside the television studio by using
equipments such as microphone and camera tube.
 The TV studio contains five main rooms

1.TV Studio room (HD and SD studio )

2.Program control room
3.Up link room
4.Power supply system
 A television studio is an installation room in which video
production take place, either for recording of live to video
tape, or for the acquisition of raw footage for post-production.
 In Oromia Broadcasting Network there are two type of
Television studio. These are Standard definition (SD) studio B
and High definition (HD) studio A
 HD studio use video wall but SD studio use chroma keying.
 Camera
 field video camera
 Studio camera
 Light system
 Key light
 Fill light
 Back light
 Background light
 It has two main control room
1. Audio control
2.Vision control
 In Audio control room there are different electronic device.
a. Audio mixer ,mic
b. Telos (telecom)
 In vision control room there are different electronics devices
 Video Terminal Monitoring
 Camera control unit
 Vision mixer
 Uplink room is one of the Television studio rooms in which
the modulation, encoding and other process takes place.
 Uplink is the link from ground station up to satellite
 Uplink frequency at OBN = down link f + Los frequency
 The down link and Los frequency at OBN is 3626 MHz
&2225 MHz respectively. From these we can calculate central
frequency .
 Therefor uplink frequency at OBN is
2225MHz+3626MHz=5851 MHz
 Encoders
 Embedding
 Modulation
 Automatic Voltage Regulator: - Is used to regulate the value of
voltage come from ELPA by taking the average value of the
power which comes from the source.
 UPS (uninterrupted power supply) is an electrical apparatus
that provides emergency power to a load (transmitter) when
the input power source is failed.
 Maintenance means keeping the devices as it is.
 There are two types of maintenance:-
 Preventive: this is recommendable for the long live of the
device.
 Corrective: this is maintaining the damaged devices for
using it again.
 In the system Administration room, the tasks they do are that
the central data arrangement
 Ingested data
 Digital archiving system
 Editing files
 In Oromia Broadcasting Network, ICT workers maintain any
computers software from Adama city at any distance by using
team viewer application with computer network.
 They use a star topology
 The data on star network passes through a switch or
concentrator before continuing to its destinations.
 no more reference books in their library
 can’t hold flash and memory for take any data from their
computer.
 more obligations are theoretical

 They not to give us a chance to work some task by ourselves.

 There is no sitting place.

 Tried to read some of specific topic related to our work
 We ask questions individually about the systems, equipment’s
and so on
 We tell to them computer is important for project so proper
computer for next batch
 Making decision with organization worker

 By tolerance
 Improving practical skill.
 Appling theoretical knowledge.

 Interpersonal communication skill.

 Team playing skill.

 Develop work ethics skill.

 Leadership skill.
 Learned clue about what the real world application looks like.
 Deciding what will be our future stream of work.

 Learn practical consideration for electrical design and

maintenance.
 Upgrade our theoretical knowledge and visualization.

 Upgrading our ability to be creative, confident and take risks

in our future
 professional career.
 poor installation of wire, due to this it is difficult to identify
which cable is carry the required signal
 some technicians do not have much awareness about the
device as well as its operations, so the company should
prepare tutorial for these technicians.
 The electronics component that used by the organization is not
get reserve. These are the problem that we cannot see their
properties practical