WASTE WATER FLOWS

AND CHARACTERISTICS

Presented by:
NIKKA GEM A. LUMANAO
INTRODUCTION
The term waste water is referred to the water which is
discarded after primary use, or which is worthless, defective and
of no use.
Waste water originates predominantly from water usage
by residences and commercial and industrial establishments,
together with groundwater, surface water and storm water.
Consequently, waste-water flow fluctuates with variations in
water usage, which is affected by a multitude of factors including
climate, community size, living standards, dependability and
quality of water supply, water conservation requirements or
practices, and the extent of meter services, in addition to the
degree of industrialization, cost of water and supply pressure.
Wide variations in waste-water flow rates may thus be expected
to occur within a community.
 TYPES OF WASTE WATER

DOMESTIC INDUSTRIAL
WASTE WATER WASTE WATER

INFILTRATION
AND INFLOW
DOMESTIC WASTE WATER

Domestic wastewater carries used water from

houses and apartments. It is water from toilets, as well as
greywater (water from kitchens, baths, washing machines,
and certain household appliances other than a toilet).

It is vital that this water must be properly treated

because it contains excessive nutrients, harmful
bacteria/viruses and household chemicals that may
contaminate the land and waters of our state and threaten
public health.
Loadings on waste treatment units are often expressed in terms of
kilograms of BOD per day or kilograms of solid per day as well as
quantity of flow in cubic milligrams per litre. The association between
these parameters is based on the following unit conversion 1.0mg/l,
which is identical to 1.0g/m3 equals 1.0 kg/1000m3. this relationship
is defined by the equation:

where:
C=BOD, SS, or other constituents, milligrams per litre
Q=volume of waste water, cubic metres

1000 = kg/m3
mg/l
 The volume of waste water from residential areas varies
from 200 to 400 litres per person per day depending on the type of
dwellings. Largest flows come from single-family houses that have
several bathrooms, automatic washing machines, and other water-
using appliances.

BOD contributed to the waste water per person is

approximately 80g/d. Disposal of household kitchen waste through
garbage grinders increases the per capita BOD by 30 to 50 percent.

The common value of 400 litres per person per day for
sanitary waste water includes residential and commercial wastes
plus reasonable infiltration, but excludes industrial wastes.
Example 1. Sanitary waste water from a residential
community is 400 litres per person per day
containing 200mg/l BOD and 240mg/l suspended
soils. Compute the grams of BOD and grams of
suspended solids per person per day.
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER

Industrial waste is the waste produced by

industrial activity which includes any material
that is rendered useless during a manufacturing
process such as that of factories, industries,
mills, and mining operations.
INFILTRATION AND INFLOW

Inflow and infiltration are terms used by

wastewater professionals to describe the ways
groundwater and storm water enter dedicated wastewater
or sanitary sewer systems. Dedicated wastewater or
sanitary sewers are pipes located in the street or on
easements that are designed strictly to transport
wastewater from sanitary fixtures inside a house or place
of business. Sanitary fixtures include toilets, sinks,
bathtubs, showers, and lavatories.
What is Infiltration?

The term infiltration is used by wastewater

professionals to describe the excess water that
sometimes seeps, trickles, or flows into old or damaged
sanitary sewer systems from the surrounding soil. For
example, high groundwater or water remaining in the soil
after rain or snow often can infiltrate mainline pipes,
joints, service laterals, connections, and other parts of a
collection system that have deteriorated, cracked, sagged,
or collapsed.
What is Inflow?

Additional unwanted water also can enter sanitary

sewer systems from above-ground sources. During storms or
snow thaws, for example, large volumes of water may flow
into systems through leaky manhole covers or combined
storm water/wastewater connections. In addition, private
residences may have roof, cellar, yard, area, or foundation
drains inappropriately connected to sanitary sewers. Any
extra water flowing into wastewater collection systems from
above ground sources, either intentionally or unintentionally
is referred to as inflow.
 Inflow and Infiltration (I/I) problems place an additional
burden on sanitary sewer systems and wastewater treatment
facilities. Sanitary sewer systems can be damaged when they are
forced to transport larger volumes of flow than they have been
designed to handle.
In extreme cases, pipes can collapse or burst, causing
pavement to buckle. Damage to pipes from I/I also can allow
wastewater to contaminate vital groundwater and drinking water
sources.
I/I also increase operation and treatment costs for the
facilities that receive the additional wastewater flow. After rain
and snow events, in particular, excess flows from I/I can
overburden treatment plants to the extent that untreated
wastewater must be discharged to the environment.
 15

Components of Wastewater Flows

• Components:
▫ Domestic  discharge from  residential, commercial,
and institutional facilities.
▫ Industrial
▫ Infiltration/inflow (I/I)
• Types of sewer systems
▫ Sanitary Sewer  carries domestic, industrial, and
infiltration/inflow
▫ Storm Sewer  carries storm water
▫ Combined Sewer  both
CSOs
WASTEWATER TREATMENT
 Untreated waste-water generally contains high levels
of organic material, numerous pathogenic microorganisms, as
well as nutrients and toxic compounds. It thus entails
environmental and health hazards, and, consequently, must
immediately be conveyed away from its generation sources
and treated appropriately before final disposal. The ultimate
goal of waste-water management is the protection of the
environment in a manner commensurate with public health and
socio-economic concerns.
 Wastewater Treatment
Preliminary Treatment

• Screens:
▫ sticks, rocks, logs, shoes, dead
animals, etc.
• Grit Removal:
▫ grit causes undue wear downstream
unit processes
Preliminary Treatment:
Screens
• Bar Screens
• Bar Racks
 Wastewater Treatment
Bar Screen
- catches large
objects that
have gotten into
sewer system
such as bricks,
bottles, pieces of
wood, etc.
Wastewater Treatment
Grit Chamber
- removes rocks, gravel, broken
glass, etc.
Mesh Screen
- removes diapers, combs,
towels, plastic bags, syringes,
etc.
Wastewater Treatment

 Preliminary Treatment
--END--