Prevented colonists from selling

AMERICAN REVOLUTION
1600- Navigation Act goods to any country except
Britain
1665- Stamp Act (new way of raising taxes. Ppl pay for a stamp on a legal document) PPl. Get tired

Protests. They have to pay, but they haven’t

representation on in Parliament Political protest by the Sons of Liberty in
Boston, on December 16, 1773. The
Ppl. Threw snowballs at British demonstrators, some disguised as Native
sentry guarding the Customs House. Americans, in defiance of the Tea Act of May
Police responded by killing people Boston Boston 10, 1773, destroyed an entire shipment of tea
Massacre Tea Party sent by the East India Company.
• Issued a declaration of
rights protesting for British
(1775) actions
Intolerable Act
Second • Agreed not no import or use (1774) First
British goods Representatives of 12 colonies Continental
Continental In response to the Boston Tea Party. the British
• Agreed to stop exporting got together against Britain congress
congress navy closed the port of Boston, now the
raw material to Britain
• Formed a force of soldiers government of Massachusetts was almost entirely
WON under direct British control, and the king and
Representatives of 13 colonies • They new the parliament required colonists to house British
got together War of Independence landscape soldiers in their homes.
• They had French
• Declaration of Independence (Based support
on Enlightenment ideas) American • They had a sense
Britain
• U.S.A- now is a republic Colonies of belonging
• Articles of Confederation: the first
written constitution of the United
States. • Ten amendments to the United States Constitution.
• Anti-Federalists add to the Constitution specific guarantees of
• A plan for a stronger federal government personal freedoms and rights.
1791- • Limitations on the government's power in judicial and other
1787- USA • with three branches: executive, legislative and BILL OF
CONSTITUTION judicial proceedings, and explicit declarations that all powers not specifically
RIGHTS delegated to Congress by the Constitution are reserved for the states
• A system of checks and balances to ensure no
single branch would have too much power. or the people.
• Freedom of religion and press
 TIMELINE (600 BC-1066 AD)

The Vikings(787-
1066 AD)
The Celts (600BC- 43 AD) The Romans (43-410 AD) The Anglo-Saxons (410-1066 AD)
BC AD
600 0 43 410 787 1066
Norman
55 BC. Julius
Conquest
55 BC. Julius 60/61 AD. 122/132 AD. 313 AD. The 392 AD. 597 AD. Pope 627 AD. Pope 664AD. 871-899 AD.
Caesar 1st landing Caesar 2nd emperor
Boudicca’s Hadrian's Wall Christianity Gregory sent a sent a monk, Synod King Alfred The
in Britain landing in Britain Constantine became the
revolt monk, Paulinus to of Great's Reign
became Official religion Agustine to convert Whitby
Christian of the Roman convert Britains into
Empire Britains into Christianity
Christianity

886 AD. Alfred’s

treaty with
Guthrum (Danelaw)
 The Celts The Romans The Anglo-Saxons The Vikings

Origin They probably came from central Europe or Rome- Italy Present-day Germany Scandinavia
further East from Russia.
Arrival to the • 600-700 BC • 55BC- 54 BC (1st and 2nd arrival) 410-430 AD Hengist and Horsa • 787 AD (Swedes, Danes and
isles • 43 AD (they settled because Britons were Norwegian)
trading with and helping Gaul inhabitants)
Main • Dominated iron age • Conquerors • A warrior culture • Development of good ships (dragon
characteristics • Successful farmers • Trained army. Skilful warriors. • Main tribes Angles, Saxons and Jutes ships) and seafaring skills.
• Introduced of a more advanced • Technically advanced • They valued men for their skill in battle and • Skilful Warriors
ploughing method. • Extirpation of the Druids ( Celts’ religious and courage. • They sacked and looted
• Iron work intellectual class) • Value family ties. monasteries, churches and towns.
• They had a warlike culture • Introduced new crops such as cherry and the • Brought the open-field system of farming and • Danelaw (7th century)
• Warriors painted themselves blue wine grape the feudal system.
(probably to display individual valor). • The most important town in Roman-Britain • Their language, history and tradition shaped
• Skilful hunters was London English people
• 7 kingdoms. King Alfred (1 kingdom)

Social • Organized into clans. • Highly stratified society • King; Thane/earls; Churls; Thralls or slaves Viking society is traditionally described
organization • King; nobles; farmers, commoners; • Emperor; patricians; plebeians; freedman; as highly stratified, with four classes:
labourers, slaves. slaves slaves (thrall), farmers (karl),
aristocracy (jarl or earl) and the king.
Housing • Built hill-forts (economic centres. Fairs • Towns (forums, public baths, theatres and • They settle in family groups (extended Viking houses were built of wood, stone
were celebrated). amphitheatres) families) or blocks of turf - depending on local
• Lived in round huts made of timber and • Block of apartments • Timber huts with thatched roofs of straw materials. The houses were long box-
thatch. • Villas (farms outside the city, luxurious houses, shapes with sloping thatched or turf
with central heating) roofs.
• Roads
Religion • Pagans. They believed in Nordic gods and • Pagans. • Pagans. • Pagans
goddess (like Morrigan, Anu and Dagda). • Worshiped official gods (Mars, mercury and • A-S deities: Woden, Thunor, Frige • Vikings’ deities: Thor, Odin, Frigg
• Sacrifices Minerva) • They were superstitious and believed in magic • Gradually they converted into
• They converted to Christianity. • The emperor was also worshiped • Eventually they converted to Christianity. Christianity
• Celtic church took Christianity to • Integration and adoption of Celtic deities.
ordinary people (5th century). • 392 AD. Christianity as an official religion.

Language • Celtic languages (Gaelic, Cornish and Latin. When they left, there were no remain of • Illiterate. Oral tradition • Old-Norse
Welsh) Latin in Britain. They were literate and brought • Spoke old English • Helped to simplify old English (esp.
• Illiterates. writing to the isles. • Beowulf Grammar)
• Importance of oral tradition
A loosely organized Flourished MANORS were the
Emerged as a form of Protection against the
system of rule A between the economic and social
loosely organized 5th- - 15th
constant threat of armed attack by raiders such as
units of life in the early
Feudalism
the Vikings, Magyars, and Saracens.
system of rule centuries Middle Ages.

it was a way of structuring society

around relationships derived from the
holding of land in exchange for service
or labor.

Individual lords, or barons administered their A vassal held

own estates, dispensed their own justice, his land, or
minted their own money, levied taxes and FIEF, as a grant
tolls, and demanded military service from from a lord.
vassals.

• A Lord's Obligations
A Vassal's Obligations: Protect the vassal
• Attend the lord at his court • Give military aid
• Help administer justice, and contribute • Guard Vassal’s children.
money if needed.
• Answer a summons to battle, bringing an
agreed upon number of fighting men.
• Feed and house the lord and his company
when they travelled across his land.
 Decline of Feudalism in
England ( 12th-15th century)
FACTORS THAT INFLUENCED THE DECLINE OF FEUDALISM

Magna • 1215
Carta • thanks to years of unsuccessful foreign policies and heavy taxation demands, England’s King John was facing down a possible rebellion by the country’s powerful barons.
• Under duress, he agreed to a charter of liberties known as the Magna Carta (or Great Charter) that would place him and all of England’s future sovereigns within a rule of law.
• Though it was not initially successful, the document was reissued (with alterations) in 1216, 1217 and 1225, and eventually served as the foundation for the English system of common law.
• Contributed to the ideas of individual rights and liberties in England
• Before, the king could put anyone in jail without a cause or reason. But on the Magna Carta, there was the Habeas Corpus, which meant you have to have a reason to keep a person in jail.
• One of the more important laws was that even the King had to obey the law. This idea became one of the basic principle of English Government.
• Magna Carta inspired the English to find more ways to limit the Kings power. A council of nobles was created to advise the king.
• The councils developed into Parliament, the lawmaking body that governs England today. Kings could do very little without the Parliament's support.
Black • Occurred between 1347 and 1351. It was so deadly it killed about 25 million people, a third of European population.
Death • Black Death killed so many people that there were many buried quickly without ceremonies. Only in England, about 1,000 villages were abandoned.
• There was a huge change in Europe. The Manor System fell apart completely because there weren't enough people left to work in the fields.
• Those peasants who survived the disease found that their skills were highly demanded.
• Suddenly, the can now demand wages for their labor. The Black Death was a "blessing in disguise" for the people who survived.

Hundred Due to the Magna Carta, France had a great political change. In 1328, the king of France died with no sons, and two men claimed the throne. One was French and the other was the King of England. In
Years’ War the end, the French man became king. The English King did not like this because he wanted to be king and invaded France a couple of years after. This invasion became known as the Hundred Years'
War. At first, the English armies did well, winning most of the battles. After 100 years of fighting however, a teenage girl, Joan of Arc rallied the French troops. Although the English killed Joan, the
damage was done. The French drove English out of their country in 1453. This changed the government in both England and France. In England, Parliament's power grew and the King lost power
because the king needed money to pay for the costly war. In France, the king's power grew. During the war, the king became popular amongst the nobles. The King had created a bond with the nobles.
Peasants’
Revolt

Crusades The Crusades were a long series of wars fought between Christians and Muslims in Southwest Asia. They were fighting over control of Palestine (the Holy Land), a region of Southwest Asia. For years
Palestine had been under the control of Muslims. In general, the Muslims did not bother with the Christians who visited the region. But in the late 1000's, a group of Turkish Muslims entered the area
and captured the city of Jerusalem. People returning to Europe reported that the Turks had attacked them in the Holy Land, which was now no longer safe for the Christian.

Before long, the Turks began to attack the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Emperor, fearing an attack on Constantinople, asked Pope Urban II for help. Pope Urban II called on Christians from all
over Europe to help retake the Holy Land from the Muslim Turks. He asked Europe's Kings and Nobles to unite and fight against the Turks. People joined the pope's army by the thousands. Crusaders
had to prepare for their long journey. They sew the cross on their armor and clothing to show that they were fighting for God. The word Crusade comes from Latin for "marked with a cross". They
usually cryed out "God will it!" as their battle cry.

The First Crusade started when about 5,000 Crusaders left Europe for the Holy Land in 1096. The first ones to set out were peasants and not soldiers. On their journey to the Holy Land, they