TUBERCULOSIS

KELOMPOK 10
1. FARIZA ILHAM
2. PUTRI TIARA ELSABY
3. LATIFATUL ISNAINI
4. ULFI ASMAROH
5. MITA PUSPITANINGKRUM
6. ZULFA AFIDA SALMA
 Definition of Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB): an infectious disease caused by the bacterium mycobacterium tuberculosis.

TB mainly attacks the lungs as a place of primary infection.
In addition, TB can also be obtained attacks the skin, lymph glands, bones and brain membranes.
 Etiology of tuberculosis

The cause is microorganism bacteria, namely: mycobacterium tuberculosis with size 1-4 UM length and 1.3-
0.6 thick UM including positive and resistant aerobgram bacteria groups acidic acid or basil.
These germs are rod-shaped, have special properties that are resistant against acid in coloring (acid
resistant bacilli).
TB germs die quickly with sun cyanars directly but survives several hours in a dark and soft place. In the
network this germ body can be dominant for several years.
Germs can be spread from sufferers Positive smear TB to people who are nearby, especially close contact
with TB is a very infectious disease.
A TB disease can transmit the disease to 10 people around him. According to WHO estimates, 1/3 of the
population is currently infected mycrobacterium tuberculosis.
Symptoms for People with Tuberculosis
Systemic / Main Symptoms
1. Fever is not too high which lasts a long
time, usually felt at night with night
sweats. Sometimes attacks such as
influenza and are intermittent.
2. Decreased appetite and weight.
3. Coughing for more than 3 weeks (can be
accompanied by blood).
4. Feeling uneasy (malaise), weak
Special Symptoms
1. Depending on which body organs are affected, if
there is a blockage in part of the bronchi (the
channel leading to the lungs) due to suppression of
enlarged lymph glands, it will cause a "wheezing"
sound, weakened breath sounds accompanied by
tightness.
2. There is liquid in the cavity pleura (lung wrapper),
can be accompanied by complaints of chest pain.
3. When it comes to bone, symptoms will occur such as
a bone infection which can one day form a channel
and empties into the skin above it, the pus will emit
fluid.
4. In children it can affect the brain (the lining of the
brain) and is referred to as meningitis
(inflammation of the lining of the brain), symptoms
are high fever, decreased consciousness and
convulsions
Classification of Diseases
1. PULMONARY TB
IS: TUBERCULOSIS WHICH ATTACKS LUNG TISSUE, NOT INCLUDING PLEORA (LUNG
MEMBRANE). BASED ON THE RESULTS OF SPUTUM EXAMINATION, PULMONARY
TUBERCULOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO:
a. AFB PULMONARY TB
b. AFB PULMONARY TB
2. EXTRA PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
IS: TUBERCULOSIS WHICH ATTACKS OTHER ORGANS BESIDES THE LUNG FOR
EXAMPLE: PLEURA (MEMBRANE) LUNG, LINING OF THE BRAIN, LINING OF THE
HEART (PERICARDIUM), LYMFE GLANDS, BONES, JOINTS, KUILIT, INTESTINE, KIDNEY,
URINARY TRACT, GENITALS, AND OTHERS. BASED ON THE LEVEL OF TRUST. EXTRA
PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IS DIVIDED INTO 2, NAMELY:
A. MILD LUNG TBC
FOR EXAMPLE: LYMPH NODE TBC, UNILATERAL EXUDATIVE PLEURISY, BONE (EXCEPT
BONE) BACK), JOINTS AND ADRENAL GLANDS
B. EXTRA SEVERE PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS
FOR EXAMPLE: MENINGITIS, PERICARDITIS, PERITONITIS, SPINAL TUBERCULOSIS,
INTESTINAL TB, TUBERCULOSIS URINARY AND GENITALIA
 THE TYPE OF PATIENTS WITH TUBERCULOSIS
The type of patient is found based on a history of previous treatment. There are several types sufferers, namely:
1. New case
Are: Patients who have never been treated with OAT or have swallowed OAT less than one month (30 daily
doses).
2. Relapse (Relapse)
Are: tuberculosis sufferers who have previously received treatment tuberculosis and has been declared cured /
complete treatment, then returns to treatment with positive smear sputum results.
3. Transfer (Transfer In)
Are: patients who are receiving treatment in another district and later moved to medical treatment in this
district. The transfer sufferers must carry a letter reference (TB form 09).
4. Cases of treatment after failure (treatment after default / drop out).
Is: Suffering returning to treatment with the results of sputum smear after drop out of treatment for two
months or more.
5. FailedIs:
- AFB suffering that still remains positive or returns to be positive atend of 5th month or more.
- Suffering of positive X-ray smear that became AFB at the end of the second month of treatment.
6. Other
All other sufferers who do not meet the above requirements. Included in this groupis a chronic case (is a
patient who is still smear after completing repeat treatmentwith category two.)
Treat and Prevent Tuberculosis

Prevention of TBC
1.When coughing should cover his mouth, and if the cough is more
than 3 weeks, feel pain in the chest and difficulty breathing as soon
as kepuskesmas or to the hospital.
2.When coughing, turn away so as not to hit other people.
3.Dispose of saliva in a closed place, and if the spit mixed with
blood immediately brought kepuskesmas or to the hospital.
4.Wash eating and drinking equipment until clean after being used
by the sufferer.
5.Newborns and young children must be immunized with the BCG
vaccine. Because the vaccine will provide very good protection.
Tuberculosis treatment
In medicine, tuberculosis is divided into 2 parts, namely:
A.Short-term
With the procedure of treatment: every day with a period of 1-3 months
with the drug given:
1.Injection of 750 mg
2.StreptomycinFit 10 mg
3.Ethambutol 1000 mg
4.Isoniazid 400 mg