PRESENTATION

ON
10kW Three-Phase AC-DC Portable EV Charger

SUBMITTED BY
RAHUL ANAND
MTECH (PROCESS CONTROL)
ROLL NO-2018PPC2012
CONTENT
• ELECTRIC VEHICLE BATTERY
1.What is EV Battery?
2.Charging process and Requirements

• CHARGER
1.ONBOARD AC CHARGER
2.OFFBOARD DC CHARGER

• ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT

• An electric vehicle battery (EVB) or traction battery can be either a primary (e.g.
metal-air) battery or a secondary battery rechargeable battery used for propulsion
of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs).
• Electric vehicle batteries differ from starting, lighting, and ignition (SLI) batteries
because they are designed to give power over sustained periods of time.

EV BATTERY REQUIREMENTS
• Safe
• High Power
• High energy density
• High Capacity
• Small and Light
• Large Format
• Long Life
• Low Overall Cost
Lithium ion battery is most used in electric vehicle because of low atomic
weight,high energy density,higher efficiency,release more energy in less time.
CHARGING PROCESS AND REQUIREMENT
• C rate— It is a measure of the rate at which a battery is discharged relative to its
maximum capacity. A 1C rate means that the discharge current will discharge the
entire battery in 1 hour.
• Charging time---Battery power/load power
• Overcharging---Battery becomes unstable if charged to higher than specified
voltage.prolonged charging above 4.3 v will plate metallic lithium ion in the anode
cathode materials become an oxidizing agent and it started losing stability and
produces co2 which increases the cell pressure and burst.
• Parasitic load---current drawn through the device in charging time.it increases the
stress level on battery &also hamper the life cycle of battery.
Volts/capacity vs. time when charging lithium-ion
 ONBOARD CHARGER
• All Electric Vehicles (EVs) use Alternating Current (AC) power and convert that
power to Direct Current (DC) that all batteries require. The device that makes this
conversion is the “onboard vehicle charger”.
AC CHARGER
 OFFBOARD CHARGER
• There are “off-board” DC chargers around the world that do not require the use of
the onboard vehicle charge, because they rectify the AC power into DC power,
which goes directly to the battery. These chargers are known as :CHAdeMO –
worldwide,CCS-Combo2 – Europe,SAE-CCS-Combo1 -North America,GB/T – China
 10kW three-phase EV charger with wide output voltage range
based on voltage-fed isolated PFC converter
• The three-phase chargers have the conventional structure comprising non-isolated AC/DC converters for the
harmonic regulation and isolated DC/DC converters for the electrical isolation and the charging control.
• Design approaches are classified into a modular design with the single phase input and a comprehensive design
using the three-phase input.
• The modular design with single-phase input, a high speed switching device such as MOSFET can be used by using a
low single phase line voltage, which is advantageous for size reduction.However, an electrolytic capacitor that
suffers from the lifetime problem should be used for a link capacitor because the link capacitor of each phase
should be separated. This approach is not suitable for high voltage inputs such as the line-to-line voltage of three-
phase 380V or three-phase 440V
• In the comprehensive design using the three-phase input, the six-switch inverter is mainly used for PFC converter
and the neutral power clamp (NPC) type three-level inverter is also used for the chargers that require a high power
density. However, these inverters suffer from heavy switching losses.
• The isolated DC/DC converters in three-phase applications use IGBTs in general for the high frequency inverter in
the primary side. the basic topology mainly adopts phase-shift full-bridge (PSFB) converter and resonant
converters.
• However, they have structures that are difficult to simultaneously achieve a high efficiency and a wide input range
due to various topological features
• The basic structure of the PFC stage comes from Asymmetrical dual active bridge structure so that it is free from the
voltage spikes of switching devices caused by the transformer leakage inductance.
• All of the primary switches have good switching condition of zero voltage turn-on and zero-current turn-off, which
makes it possible for cheap IGBTs to be used as the primary switch despite of a high switching frequency operation.
• Since the primary switches are operated under a fixed frequency with 50% duty-ratio and all the controls including the
harmonic and output regulations are performed by secondary switches with the harmonic modulation technique that
can be implemented.
• the proposed charger has only two control loops in order to operate three-phase PFC converter and non-isolated
charger.
• The isolated PFC converter is not affected by the parasitic inductance of the transformer due to the voltage-fed
structure. Since the operation is based on DCM, which provides ZV-ZCS operation in the primary switches, inexpensive
IGBTs can be used for them despite of a high switching frequency.
Model of charger
• In the PFC stage, the high frequency inverter comprises M1abc~ M4abc that is operated with 50% duty-ratio
provides a high frequency AC voltage to the transformer primary side, and the input harmonic and output
voltage regulations are performed only by the secondary switches of M5abc and M6abc.
• Since the operation of buck converter has the general PWM operation, operational analysis is focused on the
three-phase PFC stage.
• Also the operations of three modules in the PFC stage are same so that the analysis is performed using A-phase
PFC converter depicted in Figure 2.
Waveforms
Different Mode of operation
• When M1a, M2a, M5a, and M6a are turned on at t0 simultaneously, the primary current ipa flows through
M1a, M2a, the primary inductor Lpa, and transformer primary side. Also, the secondary current isa flows
through M5a, M6a-body diode, and transformer secondary side. Since the transformer secondary side is
shorted by M5a and M6a, isa is increased from zero with the slope of vina/(nTLpa) and the magnetizing
current iLma is maintained constant with the initial condition of iLma(t0). ipa is equal to the sum of iLma and
the secondary current referred to the primary side n Tisa.
• When M5a, and M6a are turned off, mode 2 begins.The current path in the primary side during mode 2is
maintained as that of mode 1 but the current path in the secondary side forms through D5a and M6 a body
diode. Accordingly, the voltage applied across transformer primary side vpa becomes VL/nT and isa is
decreased with the slope of (vina-VL/nT)/(nTLpa).
• During this mode, only the magnetizing current circulates through M1a and M3a . vpa is changed to the
input voltage vina.
• When the primary switches of M1a and M2a are turned off, the magnetizing current is used for the potential
exchange of all of the drain-source voltages in primary switches. After completing the potential change, the
magnetizing current starts to flow through the antiparallel diodes of M3a and M4a so that zero-voltage-
switching (ZVS) condition can be achieved. Assuming that total duration of modes 4 and 5, i.e. the dead time
between the upper switch and the lower switch is sufficiently short so as to maintain a constant value, iLma.
 ELECTRIC VEHICLE SUPPLY EQUIPMENT
• EVSE is any device which brings AC power to your car,and fills your car’s battery — via
the car’s onboard charger. EVSE is a protocol to help keep you and your electric car safe
while charging.
• As part of the protocol, a safety lock-out exists, preventing current from flowing when
the charger is not connected to the car. It ensures that if a cable is not correctly inserted,
power will not flow through it.
• Using two-way communication between the charger and car, the correct charging current
is set based on the maximum current the charger can provide as well as the maximum
current the car can receive.

• The EVSE provides several safety features:

• Smart Power Cord.
• Power pins not hot until negotiation
• Graceful start-up/shut-down
• Ground verification
• Protection against shock
• Plug rated for many plug-in /disconnect cycles
• Smart monitoring through wifi.
TYPES OF EVSE