Depression &

Nutrition
Annie Heyen
 Over 300 million

Parekh, R., M.D. (2017, January). What is Depression? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

Stringaris, A. (2017). What is depression? Journal of Child Psychology, 58(12). doi:10.1111/jcpp.12844

 brain chemistry

environment
other medical illnesses
genetics
personality traits

Parekh, R., M.D. (2017, January). What is Depression? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression

Rottenberg, J. (2017). Emotions in Depression: What Do We Really Know? Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 31, 241-263. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045252
 - Criteria for Diagnosis

- Current Treatment Practices

Outline
- Genetics & Depression

- Nutrition &
Depression

- Goals for a
Fictitious
Client
 Diagnosing Major Depressive Disorder
1. Feeling sad or having a depressed mood
2. Loss of interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed Must
3. Changes in appetite — weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting have at
4. Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much least
5. Loss of energy or increased fatigue 5 of the 9
6. Increase in purposeless physical activity or slowed movements and speech
7. Feeling worthless or guilty
8. Difficulty thinking, concentrating or making decisions
9. Thoughts of death or suicide
Parekh, R., M.D. (2017, January). What is Depression? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
 Three Major Areas of Treatment
• Psychotherapy
• Medication
• Electroconvulsive therapy

80-90% of those that receive treatment respond well to treatment

Parekh, R., M.D. (2017, January). What is Depression? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-families/depression/what-is-depression
 Genes Involved in Depressional Risk
• corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) gene
• colony stimulating factor 2 receptor (CSF2RB) gene
• period circadian regulator 2 (PER2) gene.

2-3x more likely of developing depression if your parents had depression

Lavebratt C, Sjöholm L, Partonen T, Schalling M, Forsell Y. 2009.PER2 Variation Is Associated with Depression Vulnerability. Am J Med Genet Part B 153B:570–581. DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31021

Liu, Z., Zhu, F., Wang, G., Xiao, Z, et al. (2006). Association of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor1 gene SNP and haplotype with major depression [Abstract]. Neuroscience Letters, 404(3).
DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.016

NIH. (2019, April 02). Depression - Genetics Home Reference - NIH. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/depression

Peng Chen, Ke Huang, Guoquan Zhou, Zhen Zeng, Ti Wang, Baojie Li, Yang Wang, Lin He, Guoyin Feng & Yongyong Shi. (2011). Common SNPs in CSF2RB are associated with major depression and
schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12(3). 233- 238. DOI: 10.3109/15622975.2010.544328
 Nutrition
Decreases
Increases vs. depressional
depressional Depression symptoms
risk

Folate deficiency Combined folate and B12 supplementation

Vitamin B12 deficiency Adequate Vitamin D intake
Vitamin D deficiency Increasing fruit and vegetable consumption
Consuming little to no fruits or vegetables Lowering refined sugar consumption
Consuming high amounts of refined sugars
Almeida, O. P., Ford, A. H., & Flicker, L. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for depression. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(5), 727-737.
Berridge, M. J. (2017). Vitamin D and Depression: Cellular and Regulatory Mechanisms. Pharmacological Reviews, 69, 80-92. doi:10.1124/pr.116.013227
Gangwisch, J., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler M., Payne M., Rossom, R., Lane, D.; High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from the Women’s Health Initiative, The American Journal of Clinical
Nutrition, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 August 2015, Pages 454–463, doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103846
Grases, G., Colom, M. A., Sanchis, P., & Grases, F. (2019). Possible relation between consumption of different food groups and depression. BMC Psychology, 7(14). doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0292-1
Liu, X., M.D., Yan, Y., PhD, Li, F., M.D., & Zheng, D., M.D. (2016). Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Nutrition, 32(3), 296-300. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.009
Mischoulon, D., & Raab, M. F. (2007). The role of folate in depression [Abstract]. J Clinical Psychiatry, 68(10), 28-33.
 Goals for a Foods to
Fictious Client Implement
1. Increase intake of B vitamins 1. Fortified milk (D and B vitamins)
2. Increase intake of Vitamin D
3. Increase fruit and vegetable consumption
2. Dark leafy greens (folate)
4. Increase exercise 3. Citrus fruits (B vitamins)
5. Seek out psychotherapy (combine treatments) 4. Whole grains (B vitamins)
Depression is caused by a combination
of factors, but genetics is one of them

The more balanced a diet is, the less

likely it is for one to develop
depression
 References
Almeida, O. P., Ford, A. H., & Flicker, L. (2015). Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo-controlled trials of folate and vitamin B12 for
depression. International Psychogeriatrics, 27(5), 727-737.
Berridge, M. J. (2017). Vitamin D and Depression: Cellular and Regulatory Mechanisms. Pharmacological Reviews, 69, 80-92. doi:10.1124/pr.116.013227
Gangwisch, J., Hale, L., Garcia, L., Malaspina, D., Opler M., Payne M., Rossom, R., Lane, D.; High glycemic index diet as a risk factor for depression: analyses from
the Women’s Health Initiative, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, Volume 102, Issue 2, 1 August 2015, Pages 454–463, doi:10.3945/ajcn.114.103846
Grases, G., Colom, M. A., Sanchis, P., & Grases, F. (2019). Possible relation between consumption of different food groups and depression. BMC Psychology, 7(14).
doi:10.1186/s40359-019-0292-1
Lavebratt C, Sjöholm L, Partonen T, Schalling M, Forsell Y. 2009.PER2 Variation Is Associated with Depression Vulnerability. Am J Med Genet Part B 153B:570–581.
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.31021
Liu, X., M.D., Yan, Y., PhD, Li, F., M.D., & Zheng, D., M.D. (2016). Fruit and vegetable consumption and the risk of depression: A meta-analysis. Nutrition, 32(3),
296-300. doi:10.1016/j.nut.2015.09.009
Liu, Z., Zhu, F., Wang, G., Xiao, Z, et al. (2006). Association of corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor1 gene SNP and haplotype with major depression
[Abstract]. Neuroscience Letters, 404(3). DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2006.06.016
Mischoulon, D., & Raab, M. F. (2007). The role of folate in depression [Abstract]. J Clinical Psychiatry, 68(10), 28-33.
NIH. (2019, April 02). Depression - Genetics Home Reference - NIH. Retrieved from https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/condition/depression
Parekh, R., M.D. (2017, January). What is Depression? American Psychiatric Association. Retrieved from https://www.psychiatry.org/patients-
families/depression/what-is-depression
Peng Chen, Ke Huang, Guoquan Zhou, Zhen Zeng, Ti Wang, Baojie Li, Yang Wang, Lin He, Guoyin Feng & Yongyong Shi. (2011). Common SNPs in CSF2RB are
associated with major depression and schizophrenia in the Chinese Han population. The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry, 12(3). 233- 238. DOI:
10.3109/15622975.2010.544328
Rottenberg, J. (2017). Emotions in Depression: What Do We Really Know? Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 31, 241-263. doi:10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-
045252
Stringaris, A. (2017). What is depression? Journal of Child Psychology, 58(12). doi:10.1111/jcpp.12844