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SCS Method
CONVERTING RAINFALL
TO RUNOFF
Q
(P I a )2
Q
P S Ia
Ia S
P
General Abstraction Model
NRCS Curve Number
(P I a )2
Q
P S Ia
1000
S 10; I a 0.2 S
CN
CN fctn (soil type ,cover ,
antecedent moisture )
CN = fctn(soil type, land
use, antecedent moisture)
CN = fctn(soil type, land
use, antecedent moisture)
2
CN (I or III)/CN(II)
1.5 CN(I)/CN(II)
CN(III)/CN(II)
CN (II)/CN(II)
1
0.5
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
CN(II)
CN = fctn(soil type, land
use, antecedent moisture)
2.5
2 CN(I)/CN(II)
4.2 CN(II )
CN(I )
CN(III)/CN(II)
CN (II)/CN(II) ( 3.23 )
10 0.058 CN(II )
CN (I or III)/CN(II)
1.5
23 CN(II )
CN(III )
1
( 3.23 )
0.5
10 0.13 CN(II )
0
0 20 40 60 80 100
CN(II)
Unit Unit hydrographs and
hydrographs runoff hydrographs
definition
D=Duration of Rainfall
Excess
tL= Lag Time
tp=Time to Peak
tp=Time Base
qp=Peak Discharge
V=Volume = 1 in.
Unit Unit hydrographs and
hydrographs
runoff hydrographs
Time
Rainfall Excess
V = 0.75 in
Unit hydrograph
qp
V = 1in
0.75 qp
Runoff hydrograph
V = 0.75in
Time
Runoff Unit
hydrographs and
hydrographs
runoff hydrographs
0.15
Time
0.2
0.35 Total Rainfall Excess
V = 0.7in
Runoff hydrograph
V = 0.7in
Unit hydrograph V = 1in
D D D D
Time
Unit hydrographs and
Unit hydrograph
timing parameters
runoff hydrographs
n
Li
tc
• Time of Concentration
– Most often used timing
( 3.47 )
parameter i 1 Vi
– Time for water to flow from
most hydraulically remote point Vi aS 0.5
( 3.48 )
to watershed outlet.
Li = length of
flow path i
Vi = velocity
in flow path i
Unit hydrographUnit hydrographs and
timing parameters
runoff hydrographs
• Lag Time
– Frequently used on
larger watersheds Lag
– Time from midpoint of Time
rainfall excess to peak
discharge of unit
hydrograph
– NRCS Equation
t L 0 .6 t c ( 3.52 )
L0.8 (S 1 )0.7
tL 0 .5
( 3.53 )
1900Y
S from CNII Y land slope %
TR55
Peak Discharge
• qp = qu AQFp
– qu unit peak discharge (Figure 3.40) csm/in
– A = area in square miles
– Q = runoff volume in inches
– F = Pond and swamp adjustment factor (Table
3.25)
• Not quite as simple as Rational
• Finding widespread use
Example
• Go through the hydrology for the Edmonds
property
• Look at spreadsheets for SCS storm and
peak flow