EE296 Seminar

EE 296
Paolo Josemari P. Zafra
2016-91376
Review of Related Literature
&
Problem Statement
Presentation
Literature Review #1
 “Direct Lightning Surge
Analysis in Wind Turbines
using Electromagnetic
Transients Computer Program”
Rodrigues, R.B., Mendes, V.M.F., Catalao J.P.S. (2011). Direct Lightning Surge Analysis in Wind Turbines using
Electromagnetic Transients Computer Program. 2011 IEEE EUROCON - International Conference on Computer as a
Tool. Doi: 10.1109/EUROCON.2011.5929181
Relevance to Research Topic:

Accuracy of model is not considered

• The model used a simpler representation of the wind turbine structure in the simulator

Grounding system is assumed to be static

• The grounding system is modelled as a current dependent grounding resistance with a value of 1 ohms at pre-
surge condition. The frequency dependence of the grounding system is not considered

[1] Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-footing grounding system on the
lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research
Literature Review #2
 “The effect of wide band
modeling of tower-footing
grounding system on the lightning
performance of transmission
lines: A probabilistic evaluation”
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of
tower-footing grounding system on the lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation.
Electric Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-
power-systems-research
Relevance to Research Topic:

Grounding System Frequency Dependence

• It was shown, using a probabilistic analysis, that the impedance of the grounding rod is frequency

dependent when the soil parameter is also chosen to be frequency dependent [1].

• This is important because lightning stroke current is characterized by a wide band of frequency

ranging from DC to several MHz

[1] Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-footing
grounding system on the lightning performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power System Research 141
(2016), 1-10. Retrieved from https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research

The image is taken from:
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi,
M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-
footing grounding system on the lightning performance of
transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric
Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-
research
The image to the left is one of the tower footing
grounding rod configuration considered and modelled
by the researchers in the EMTP-RV. It is a one port 3 m
vertical rod
The grounding system is modelled in three different
ways:
(1) Static Model
(2) Wide-band model assuming constant electrical
parameters for the soil
(3) Wide-band model assuming frequency-dependent
electrical parameters for the soil
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The
effect of wide band modeling of tower-footing grounding system on the lightning
performance of transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power
System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-research
 The figure to the right shows that
impedance value of the 3 m vertical
rod at various soil resistivities.

It can be seen that the increase in

frequency decreases the impedance
value of both the soil with constant
electrical parameters and the soil with
the frequency dependent electrical
parameters but the latter starts to
decrease at a much lower frequency
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani,
K., & Alemi, M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band
modeling of tower-footing grounding system on Legend:
the lightning performance of transmission lines: A Red Line: Simple Resistor equal to DC resistance
probabilistic evaluation. Electric Power System Blue Dashed Line: Soil with constant electrical parameters
Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from Green Dotted Line: Soil with frequency dependent
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric- electrical parameters
power-systems-research
The figure is taken from:
Shariatinasab, R., Gholinezhad, J., Sheshyekani, K., & Alemi,
M. R. (2016). The effect of wide band modeling of tower-
footing grounding system on the lightning performance of
transmission lines: A probabilistic evaluation. Electric
Power System Research 141 (2016), 1-10. Retrieved from
https://www.journals.elsevier.com/electric-power-systems-
research
Literature Review #3
 “Analysis of Transient
Phenomena Due to a Direct
Lightning Strike on a Wind
Energy System”
Rodrigues, R., Mendes, V., Catalao, J. (2016). Analysis of Transient Phenomena Due to a Direct Lightning Strike on a
Wind Energy System. Energies 2012, 5, 2545-2558; doi:10.3390/en5072545
Relevance to Research Topic:
Simplified Wind Tower Model
• The tower of the wind turbine was modelled by the researcher using a single phase
distributed parameter model. The model is assumed to be operating at a constant
or fixed frequency. Rodrigues, R., Mendes, V., Catalao, J. (2016). Analysis of Transient Phenomena Due to a Direct Lightning Strike on a Wind Energy
System. Energies 2012, 5, 2545-2558; doi:10.3390/en5072545

• The actual physical structure of the model is neglected by the researchers.


Image taken from:
Rodrigues, R., Mendes, V., Catalao, J. (2016). Analysis
of Transient Phenomena Due to a Direct Lightning
Strike on a Wind Energy System. Energies 2012, 5,
2545-2558; doi:10.3390/en5072545
The image to the left is the simplified model of
the wind turbine tower that was adopted in the
study. The line parameters are computed taking
into account several technical information from
the manufacturer.
Rodrigues, R., Mendes, V., Catalao, J. (2016). Analysis of Transient
Phenomena Due to a Direct Lightning Strike on a Wind Energy
System. Energies 2012, 5, 2545-2558; doi:10.3390/en5072545
Literature Review #4
 “Transient overvoltage
phenomena on the control
system of wind turbines due to
lightning strike”
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind
turbines due to lightning strike. Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-energy/vol/57/suppl/C
Relevance to Research Topic:
Accurate Wind Tower Model
• . The physical structure of the wind tower is considered in the modelling of the
equivalent circuit Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to
lightning strike. Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-energy/vol/57/suppl/C

• The value of the impedance obtained is much more accurate

Inclusion of Control Line in the modelling

• The control line of the wind turbine is also modelled and included in the circuit
simulation Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to lightning strike.
Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from: https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-energy/vol/57/suppl/C

Image taken from:
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient
overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind
turbines due to lightning strike. Renewable Energy 57
(2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-
energy/vol/57/suppl/C
The image to the left is the basis of the accurate
modelling of the wind turbine tower. The tower is
assumed to have a conical frustum geometry wherein
the radii of each concentric circle from the top to the
bottom is ascending. The model is to have an
equivalent resistance and inductance in each
subdivided portions of the tower. In this study, the
tower is subdivided into ten equal portions.
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage
phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to lightning strike.
Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-energy/vol/57/suppl/C

Image taken from:
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient
overvoltage phenomena on the control system of wind
turbines due to lightning strike. Renewable Energy 57
(2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-
energy/vol/57/suppl/C
The image to the left is the overall schematic
diagram of the model that was used in this
study. The highlighted portion shows the
equivalent circuit model of the control line
and is modelled with reference to a standard
coaxial cable which is the standard cable to be
used in control wires most wind turbine
systems.
Jiang, J., Chang, H., Kuo, C., Huang, C. (2013). Transient overvoltage
phenomena on the control system of wind turbines due to lightning
strike. Renewable Energy 57 (2013), 181-189. Retrieved from:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/renewable-
energy/vol/57/suppl/C
Literature Review #5
 “Mitigation of Lightning Hazards
at the More Sensitive Points in
Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony
Optimization Technique”
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms
Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi:
10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
Relevance to Research Topic:
Grounding System Design significance
• The proper modelling of the grounding system in a wind turbine structure was
shown to reduce the GPR (Ground Potential Rise) in the system through transient
analysis simulation of a lightning surge hitting the blade of the wind turbine Abd-Allah, MA.,
Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical
Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618

• The proponents of the research paper used two types of grounding system, a
conventional one and a proposed configuration from another study. A significant
reduction of the ground potential rise was shown when the proposed configuration
was used. Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization
Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
 The two images to the left are the
grounding system models used in the
study.
(upper) Ring only#12 Diameter at 1
meter depth
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning
Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-
Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering
and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618

(lower) 12 rods in this design with

radius of 6m, 8m, and 10m
respectively and foundation from the
Images taken from: Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at steel conductor constructed in an area
the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of
Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
15*15m
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning
Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony
Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and
Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
 The image to the left is the plot of
the GPR at the stricken turbine
generated by the EMTP/ATP
software using the two grounding
arrangements used in the study.
The graph shows a 97% decrease in
the ground potential rise if the
Proposed Grounding system is
used.
Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning
Hazards at the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-
Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of Electrical Engineering
and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618

Image taken from: Abd-Allah, MA., Said, A., Ali, M., (2016). Mitigation of Lightning Hazards at
the More Sensitive Points in Wind Farms Using Ant-Colony Optimization Technique. Bulletin of
Electrical Engineering and Informatics, 144-159; doi: 10.11591/eei.v5i2.618
Literature Review #6
 “Calculation of Lightning
Current Parameters”
Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of Lightning Current Parameters. IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
Relevance to Research Topic:
Novel Lightning Current Channel Function
• The Heidler function was first introduced in this paper. The Function describes a
lightning current channel in a stricken object. Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of Lightning Current
Parameters. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080

• The Heidler function is widely used by power engineers to model a lightning current
in transient analysis simulations
 The equation to the left is the Heidler Function.
Using known parameters of the current shape
of a lightning stroke, an equivalent current
Taken from:
Heidler, F., Cvetic J.M., Stanic, B.V. (1999). Calculation of
source can be modeled in a simulation using
Lightning Current Parameters. IEEE Transactions on
Power Delivery, Vol. 14, 399-404 doi: 10.1109/61.754080
the said function. Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart
Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Wherein

𝐼𝑜 − 𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡

𝜏1 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑟𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝜏2 − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑦 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒
𝜂 − 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑎𝑘
n − 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑛𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟
Literature Review #7
 “Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different
Types of Lightning Discharges”
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning
Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Relevance to Research Topic:
Consideration of different types of lightning discharges
• Different types of lightning discharges are considered in this study, namely, Negative
lightning flash, Positive lightning flash, Bipolar lightning flash, and Multicomponent
lightning flash. All of which are modelled and simulated in EMTP-RV using a
simplified wind turbine model. Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of
Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

• Accurate modelling of the wind turbine structure was neglected in the study
• The current model of the lightning discharge current is ideal. Recommendations
from the research proponents is to use a Norton equivalent circuit model with an
ideal current source shunted to a passive element that represents the lightning
channel impedance. Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018
IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi: 10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Illustration of the lightning current shape as well as the important parameters as recommended in CIGRE and IEEE
documents. It is necessary to determine the values of 10%, 50% and 90% of peak value, as well as the
corresponding time values (front time-Tf, Tail Time-Tt, and duration t).
 The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on 2016-
01-12 at 22:49:09.471 GMT. The research
proponents used the data to model a
negative lightning flash in the EMTP-RV.
Current Peak Value = -11.169 kA
Front Time = 3.2326 µs
Tail time = 86.0096 µs
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
 The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on 2016-
01-10 at 23:48:07.481 GMT. The research
proponents used the data to model a
positive lightning flash in the EMTP-RV.
Current Peak Value = 88.7501 kA
Front Time = 44.7000 µs
Tail time = 173.6010 µs
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
 The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on the
11th of December 2011 at 16:08:15.855
GMT. The research proponents used the
data to model a bipolar lightning flash in
the EMTP-RV.
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Bipolar Lightning Flash Parameters

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
 The image to the left is the plot of an
actual lightning event recorded on the
12th of January 2016 at 22:49:09.055986
GMT. The research proponents used the
data to model a multicomponent
lightning flash in the EMTP-RV.
Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind Turbine Blade due to
Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES Innovative Smart Grid
Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788

Muliticomponent Lightning Flash Paramaters

Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Image taken from: Grebovic, S., Oprasic, N. (2018). Transient Analysis on Wind
Turbine Blade due to Different Types of Lightning Discharges. 2018 IEEE PES
Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe (ISGT-Europe); doi:
10.1109/ISGTEurope.2018.8571788
Literature Review #8
 “Transient modeling of the
wind farms in order to analysis
the lightning related
overvoltages”
Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084
Relevance to Research Topic:
Wide-band Model of Wind Turbine structure
• The proponents used a very accurate wide-band model of the overall structure of
the wind turbine which includes the frequency dependent model of the blade
including the slip ring and the ferrite ring and also the wide-band model of the
grounding system of the tower. Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

• The proposed model of the researchers were compared to other models in through
the values obtained in the simulation. It was shown that the proposed model gave
out a relatively lower estimates of the overvoltage values as compared to other
models. Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related overvoltages.
Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

• The proposed model can lower the cost of the system components due to the lower
surge voltage estimates through simulation
 The image to the left is the wide-band
model of the overall structure of the wind
turbine that was used for transient analysis
in the EMTP-RV

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient modeling

of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related overvoltages.
Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
 The image to the left is the overvoltage plots
in the boost transformer that was generated
from the EMTP-RV. The proposed model
denoted by “P.M.” estimates a relatively
lower overvoltage value compared to other
referenced models.

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient

modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
 The image to the left is the overvoltage plots
in the control line cable that was generated
from the EMTP-RV. The proposed model
denoted by “P.M.” estimates a relatively
lower overvoltage value compared to other
referenced models.

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient

modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
 The image to the left is the overvoltage plots
in the tower that was generated from the
EMTP-RV. The proposed model denoted by
“P.M.” estimates a relatively lower
overvoltage value compared to other
referenced models.

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B., Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient

modeling of the wind farms in order to analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132 (2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.084

Image is taken from:

Shariatinasab, R., Kermani, B.,
Gholinezhad, J.(2019) . Transient
modeling of the wind farms in order to
analysis the lightning related
overvoltages. Renewable Energy 132
(2019), 1151-1166 doi:
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.0
8.084
Problem Statement for
Proposed Topic
 Proposed Topic and Title:

“Transient Analysis on Wind

Turbines due to Different Types
of Lightning Discharges using A
Wide Band Model”
 Present lightning related studies on wind turbines generally makes use of simplified
models in doing software simulations. Reduction of complexity in the design process by
neglecting several parts of the system architecture is the main intention of such endeavors.
These simplistic methods however overestimate the voltage rating of each components in
the system, which entails an increase in cost.
An improved model that provides an equivalent circuit representation of the overall
structure of the wind turbine can reduce the estimated voltage ratings of each
substructure or component of the wind turbine. The proposed wide-band model features
an equivalent network composed of impedances that considers the frequency components
of high current lightning surges.
This wide-band model is to be simulated in the PSCAD/EMTDC software. The paper
will also include a simulation of the different types of lightning discharges such as positive,
negative, bipolar, and multicomponent types and to determine their effect to the wide-
band model. For practicality, the values to be used for modelling the discharge current in
the simulator are actual measured field values from recorded lightning events. The
discharge location is chosen to be the wind turbine blade and voltage readings from
several points in the circuit is to be measured. The results of the simulation should aid with
the selection process of the surge arrester to be installed in the system.