Professor, Department of Civil Engineering Introduction Buckling is a type of instability that leads to a failure mode Buckling occurs under compressive stress It is characterized by sudden sideways deflection of the member In theoretical sense, buckling is a bifurcation in the solution to the equations of static equilibrium. Types of buckling Under axial compression: 1. Flexural buckling 2. Torsional buckling 3. Flexural-torsional buckling Under bending: 4. Lateral torsional buckling Other forms: 5. Distortional buckling 6. Local buckling Types of buckling analysis Analytical methods:
• Non-trivial equilibrium state approach
• Virtual work approach • Minimum potential energy approach • Kinetic or dynamical approach Types of buckling analysis Numerical methods:
• Finite Difference Method
• Numerical integration • Finite element method • Finite strip method Examples of buckling of bridge decks Lateral bracings in plate girder bridges are susceptible to torsional buckling due to horizontal loads Local buckling of members in plate girders Top chords of truss bridge may buckle, verified by [5]Tong et al Buckling of thin walled sections in an orthotropic bridge deck, verified by [4] Yarnold et al Buckling in cable stayed bridges worked on by [6] Pedro and Reis Lateral torsional buckling of paired steel girders of composite bridge whilst concrete is being poured, verified by [2] Hendy et al Analysis types available in ANSYS Eigen value (or linear) buckling analysis Non-linear buckling analysis Mathematical formulation [K]{d}={R}′ [Kg’]=λ[Kg] {R}= λ{R}′ ([K] + λcrit[Kg] ){d}′= λcrit{R}′ ([K] + λcrit[Kg] ){d}={0} Det([K] + λ[Kg] )=0 Shell element 4 noded element - SHELL181 8-noded element – SHELL281 [Ke] = ∫[B]T[D][B]dV [Kg] = ∫[G]T[S][G]dV Numerical Analysis Plate properties Dimensions = 1m x 0.5m x 0.005m E = 7 x 1010 N/m2 (isotropic) ν = 0.3 Boundary conditions: Simply supported on all sides Mesh division (element size): 0.025m
Critical load from ANSYS: 61.91kN
Future Scope The buckling analysis of a bridge deck will be carried out Non-linear buckling analysis can be performed on the same plates A full scale plate girder bridge can be analysed Bridge decks subjected to dynamic loadings can be analyzed for buckling as well. References [1] S.P. Timoshenko, Theory of elastic stability, McGraw-Hill Book Company,1936 [2] C Hendy, S Denton, D Mackenzie, D Iles, Buckling Analysis of steel bridges, 1993 [3] M.L.Gambhir, stability analysis and design of structures, Springer, 2004 [4] Matthew T. Yarnold, John L. Wilson, Wan-Chen Jen, Ben T. Yen, Local buckling analysis of Trapezoidal Rib Orthotropic bridge deck systems, 2006 [5] Minhui Tong, fei Mao, Huiqing Qiu, Structural stability analysis for truss bridge, 2010 [6] Jose J. Oliveira Pedro, Antonio J. Reis, Simplified assessment of cable-stayed bridges buckling stability, 2016 Thank You