Soil Stabilization using calcium chloride

and sodium silicate

Department of Technology,
Shivaji University, Kolhapur.

Presented By:
Project Guide :- 1) KUCHEKAR BAPU
2) VHANMANE RAHUL
3) POWAR AKASH
MR. B. B. PATIL 4) JANGAM MALLIKARJUN
5) KAMBLE AKSHAYKUMAR
 Content:-
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Need
 Properties of calcium chloride
and sodium silicate
 Materials and methodology
 Test conducted
 Advantages
 Results
 Photo gallery
 Conclusion
 References

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 INTRODUCTION
Soil stabilization is the process of improving the engineering properties of the
soil and thus making it more stable .

Soil stabilization is used to reduce to the permeability and compressibility of

the soil mass in earth structure and to increase its shear strength. However , the
main use of stabilization is to improve the natural soil for the construction of
highways and make an area trafficable with in a short period of time for
military and other emergency purposes.

Chemical stabilization is a technique commonly used to improve the black

cotton soil properties. A series of laboratory experiments including consistency
limits, free swell, compaction were performed to investigate the effect of
CaCl2 additive and Na2SiO3 with various percentages 0%, 2%, 4%, 6% and
8% for improving black cotton soil.

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 OBJECTIVES
Reduce the settlement of the structure on the soil.
Improve the shear strength of the soil and thus increase the
bearing capacity.
Reduce the shrinkage and swelling characteristics of soils.
Minimize the possibility of slope failure of embankments
and dams.
Reduce liquefaction potential.
Decrease the permeability.
Reduce the water absorption capacity of the soil.
 NEED FOR SOIL STABILIZATION

Strength improvement
Control of shrink swell properties of soil.
Improving the load bearing capacity of soil.
Lower the compressibility of soil thus reduce
the settlement.
Increase in durability
Soil waterproofing.
GEOTECHNICAL PROPERTIES OF SOIL
Sl. No. Properties Code referred Value
1 Specific Gravity IS 2720 (Part 3/Sec 2.44
1) - 1980
2 Maximum Dry IS 2720 (Part 7) - 1.52 gm/cc
Density (MDD) 1980
3 Optimum Moisture IS 2720 (Part 7) - 22.65%
Content (OMC) 1980
4 Natural Moisture IS 2720 (Part 2) - 7.28%
Content 1973
5 Free Swell Index IS 2720 (Part 40) - 10.5%
1977
6 Liquid Limit IS 2720 (Part 5) - 29%
1985
7 Plastic Limit IS 2720 (Part 5) - 24.52%
1985
8 Shrinkage Limit IS 2720 (Part 6) -: 17.37%
1972
COMPOSITION OF SODIUM SILICATE

Sr. No. Particulars Values

1 Totally Alkaline 11.03%

(Na2O3)

2 Silicate (SiO2) 28.57%

3 Ratio by weight Na2O, 1 to 2.43%

SiO2

4 Molecular ratio Na2O, 1 to 1.66%

SiO2
 MATERIAL AND METHEDOLOGY

The followings are the materials used during practical work.

1) Calcium chloride
2) Sodium silicate
3) Black cotton soil

METHODOLOGY:

DOSAGE OF CHEMICALS:
The chemical dosage of sodium silicate and calcium chloride
2%,4%,6%,8% are taken by weight of soil sample of test
 TEST CONDUCTED

These are the following tests conducted in laboratory ;

1) Water content of soil
2) Specific gravity of soil
3) Determination of soil index properties (Atterberg Limits)
i) Liquid limit by Casagrande’s apparatus
ii) Plastic limit
4) Determination of the maximum dry density (MDD) and
the corresponding optimum moisture content (OMC) of the
soil by Proctor compaction test
 Advantages of soil stabilization:-

1) It improves the strength and bearing capacity

of soil.
2) It helps to reduce the soil volume change due
to temperature and moisture.
3) Reduce the cost of construction.
4) Improves the soil workability.
5) It is also used to provide more stability to the
soil in slopes .
6) Improves the Durability of structure.
 RESULTS OF CALCIUM CHLORIDE

property Natural Soil with Soil with Soil with Soil with
soil 2%Cacl2 4%Cacl2 6% Cacl2 8%
Cacl2

Moisture 7.93% 9.41% 11.46% 12.06% 12.56%

content

Maximum 0.82 1.75 1.72 1.71 1.69

dry density
 RESULTS OF SODIUM SILICATE

property Natural Soil with Soil with Soil with Soil with
soil 2%Na2sio3 4%Na2sio3 6% Na2sio3 8%Na2si
o3

Moisture 7.93% 9.41% 8.59% 9.81% 10.22%

content

Maximum dry 0.82 1.62 1.80 1.82 1.79

density
 CONCLUSION
1)When 2% of calcium chloride added in black cotton soil then the liquid
limit of black cotton soil increases by 19%, when added 8% of calcium
chloride in black cotton soil liquid limit decreases by 13%.

2)The plastic limit of black cotton soil is 29% at natural state,when 2% of

calcium chloride added in black cotton soil,plastic limit decreases by 4%

3) From experimental work it was observed that with addition of

2%,4%,6% & 8% of CaCl2, the 2% of cacl2 gives the maximum dry
density (1.75 g/cc) at moisture content of 9.41%. hence dry density
increased by 13.14% with 2% addition of Cacl2.

4) Also it was observed that with addition of 6% of na2sio3 gives the

maximum dry density (1.82 g/cc) at moisture content 9.81%.
5) From that CaCl2 proves to be economical chemical for improvement of
soil properties as it has cheaper than Na2SiO3.
 REFERENCES
[1] Ranjan G. and Rao A.S.R , “Basic and applied soil mechanics”,
New Age International (P) Ltd, New Delhi, pp. 753, 2005.
[2] Shelke A.P. and Murthy D.S., “Reduction of Swelling Pressure
of Expansive Soils Using EPS Geofoam”, Indian Geotechnical
Conference,
2010.
[3] Chen F.H., “Foundations on Expansive Soils”, Elsevier Scientific
Publishing Co., Amsterdam, 1988.
[4] Katti R. K., “Search for solutions to problems in black cotton
soils”, First Indian Geotechn. Soc. Annu. Lect., Indian Geotech.
Journal, Vol.1,
no.9, pp. 1–88, 1979.
[5] Gourley C.S., Newill D. and Schreiner H.D., “Expansive Soils:
TRL’s Research Strategy”, Proceedings, 1st International Symposium
on
Engineering Characteristics of Arid Soils, London, 1993.
 PHOTO GALLERY
COLLECTION OF SOIL SAMPLE
STANDARD PROCTOR TEST
LIQUID AND PLASTIC LIMIT
DETERMINATION
THANK YOU